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Show ALL Forums  > Science/philosophy  > Quantum Entanglement and Locality      Mod Threads Home login  
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 Author Thread: Quantum Entanglement and Locality
 RobinsonUK

Joined: 1/2/2009
Msg: 26
Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/23/2009 1:09:22 PM


Of course not, because no such signal is required. How many times do I have to say you don't know the difference between correlation and causation before you stop trying to base an argument on confusing those two things?


I don't understand your position (again), you haven't explained it at all well. Why don't you tell us what non-locality means to you, because your objections are in contradiction to all that I've read on the subject.
 desertrhino

Joined: 11/30/2007
Msg: 27
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/23/2009 1:18:56 PM
I dunno, this article (and its object experiment) seems to cast some really weird shadows into the quantum entanglement arena.

http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-06/quantum-entaglement

I'm going to have to drive up there and get a copy of the paper, I think.
 hellgremlin

Joined: 5/23/2009
Msg: 28
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/23/2009 1:28:32 PM
That's a very interesting article. Judging by the comments section, someone had the same idea I did.
 RobinsonUK

Joined: 1/2/2009
Msg: 29
Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/23/2009 1:43:43 PM
Well I read an interesting explanation of why entanglement doesn't have to violate causality in this fascinating thread/argument:

http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=318617&page=3

"two particles cannot become entangled without them first being local.".

That's the only piece of the jigsaw puzzle I needed to understand things. Unfortunately, the very next poster (Dr Chinese) states that this is not the case, i.e. as demonstrated in a variety of entanglement-swapping experiments! So I'm back to square 1, wondering how measurement at detector A can possibly affect the particle at detector B, without any influence travelling between them, but still violating Bell's Inequalities (hidden variables are ruled out), i.e. how is QM then a local theory?
 abelian

Joined: 1/12/2008
Msg: 30
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/23/2009 10:07:33 PM

So I'm back to square 1, wondering how measurement at detector A can possibly affect the particle at detector B, without any influence travelling between them, but still violating Bell's Inequalities (hidden variables are ruled out), i.e. how is QM then a local theory?

Look up correlation. Look up causal. Since there is nothing that needs to propagate between the detectors to have correlations in the measurements, nothing in either detector causes something in the other. In fact, this was shown EXPLICITLY to be in complete agreement with relativity by Suarez, et al in a experiments involving moving beam splitters. In special relativity, it's not possible to assign an unambiguous time ordering to events with spacelike separations. Suarez, et al showed that you get exactly the same results no matter how you time order the measurements.
 RobinsonUK

Joined: 1/2/2009
Msg: 31
Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 12:33:13 AM


Since there is nothing that needs to propagate between the detectors to have correlations in the measurements


This doesn't square with what I've read though. According to theory, that is exactly what happens. There is no a priori correlation; that's what Bell tried, and failed, to prove.
 abelian

Joined: 1/12/2008
Msg: 32
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 6:37:34 AM
You don't understand Bell's inequality. Look up the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality.
 RobinsonUK

Joined: 1/2/2009
Msg: 33
Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 10:16:48 AM
I understand that Bell's Inequality, when violated (as QM does) confirms that no a-priori correlation can explain the result (no hidden variables). The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, seems to be a reformulation of Bell's Theorem, confirming his original result, i.e. "Some dramatic violations of the inequality have been reported.". Again, I'm not sure what you're arguing for, or against here.
 abelian

Joined: 1/12/2008
Msg: 34
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 11:41:50 AM
Your understanding is incorrect. If you aren't motivated to do anything but repeat that, I can't see much point in telling you where to look to correct your misunderstanding.
 RobinsonUK

Joined: 1/2/2009
Msg: 35
Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 12:12:20 PM


If you aren't motivated to do anything but repeat that, I can't see much point in telling you where to look to correct your misunderstanding.


You should explain to me how my understanding of Bell's Theorem is wrong. Just repeating, "you're wrong", or "you don't understand" doesn't progress the conversation, it just makes me think you've got Asberger's. You're proposing that Bell's Theorem (or rather, QM's violation of it) implies what exactly?
 hellgremlin

Joined: 5/23/2009
Msg: 36
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 12:59:31 PM
Fellas, let's cut the hostility here. If someone doesn't understand something, explain it. Otherwise, we might end up like these guys:

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/24/BAH118D37E.DTL&type=newsbayarea
 TaiChiJohn

Joined: 12/27/2006
Msg: 37
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 1:16:26 PM
Hey, why don't we all start arguing about indeterminacy? That might or might not be fun.
 scorpiomover

Joined: 4/19/2007
Msg: 38
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/24/2009 1:41:31 PM
RE Msg: 25 by abelian:
Sorry, I was thinking more along the lines that if you had discovered something so profound, you would naturally want to publish it in a physics journal before posting it in a pof forum. I'm not trying to stop you from publishing here first, but if it were me, I'd be in too much of a hurry to get it to prl to hink about posting here. But, suit yourself.
I can agree with you. But I've already got a fair few Maths theorems that I have yet to publish. I have a confidence problem in believing that important people would listen to me.

You are confused. Quantum cryptography relies on the physics of quantum mechanics.
I'm aware of that. However, it still relies upon the basic principles of information cryptography. The main difference between quantum cryptography and older styles, was that it was replacing a numerical form with a physical form. But unless the encryption method is irreversible, it will not stop anyone decrypting the data, and the only way to deduce if it is irreversible, is by having a formula that is irreversible. Quantum cryptography is not by any means the only physical way that data could potentially be encrytped. But it is one of the subjects that are entirely defined and dictated by mathematical formulae, and that is almost certainly why it has been adopted by cryptographers. The same principles could be used. Otherwise, they would have to re-invent the entire subject from scratch, and it is a subject that has developed and evolved over hundreds of years, so it would be decades before you'd get a basic code that any schoolkid could crack if you did that.

But that also means that it has the same problems, and that is that it could potentially be cracked.

In particular, the impossibility of intercepting a photon and cloning the original state. At the moment, it's impractical for anything but key distribution. For further information, you will find C. Bennett to be a great source.
Thanks. I looked it up yet again, and seemed to me, to be that it is using quantum entanglement to generate the information to be sent, and quantum indeterminacy to ensure that the data cannot be copied without detection. I'd love to say that this is true, that it cannot be cracked. But experience, and knowledge of some theorems, tells me this is a foolish belief. While I do not understand QM as well as you, what I've seen of the No-Cloning Theorem suggests that the proof of it is that it results in a bra-ket operator that is equal to its own square, which is supposed to result in the 2 sides of the operators being equal, or they are orthogonal.

However, it seems to me that corollaries of the No Cloning Theorem exist, in the form of the No Teleportation Theorem, which says that classical information channels cannot be used to transmit quantum information, and that quantum teleportation is not possible either, the No Communication Theorem, which says that you cannot use quantum entanglement to transmit information, and the No Broadcast Theorem, which says that you cannot broadcast quantum information.

But the No Teleportation Theorem seems to have been contradicted by the results. However, it appears that they are using a combination of classical information channels and quantum entanglement to transmit information, on the basis that the mix won't contradict either theorem.

I'm going to stop arguing about this, as it seems that I really don't know enough to say. These are just my personal observations and deductions, but unless I know quantum theory well enough to prove it mathematically, I don't really think I could prove my positions, and they are just "well, that's what I'd expect". Don't take the arguments personally.

But I'm going to stay a bit sceptical of things that claim to have a perfect encryption system. If maths has taught me anything, it is that no system is perfect.

As a quick refreser of what quantum information means before you object by throwing out the jargon again, the definition comes from von Neumann. S = -Tr (rho log (rho)) where rho is a density matrix and Tr designates the trace.

Basic Dirac notation. A state vector or ket |blah> is a ray in Hilbert space. A bra = delta_ij and the operator 1 is given by sum |blah>
Unfortunately, we only covered Hilbert spaces in 3rd year Analysis and Eigenvectors in 2nd year Algebra. We never covered rays, or if we did, we didn't deal with them in great detail. Same for Von Neumann algebra, or density matrices, tensors, or traces. I've tried to grasp it, but I think I'd need a step-by-step book, or a taught course. I'd prefer a book, as that is how I picked up IT, by reading myself. But I don't see many books as legible on maths, as I'd like.
 abelian

Joined: 1/12/2008
Msg: 39
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/26/2009 4:07:29 AM

However, it still relies upon the basic principles of information cryptography. The main difference between quantum cryptography and older styles, was that it was replacing a numerical form with a physical form.

You are making this way harder than it is and drawing the wrong conclusion in the process.


that the proof of it is that it results in a bra-ket operator that is equal to its own square, which is supposed to result in the 2 sides of the operators being equal, or they are orthogonal.

Ok. So what? That's straight forward to see. The state vectors are square integrable, by definition and they form a complete, orthonormal basis. If the integral of (Psi*) phi is 1, then phi = Psi. If it's 0, then phi is orthogonal to Psi. The square of 1 is 1 and the square of 0 is 0.


However, it seems to me that corollaries of the No Cloning Theorem exist, in the form of the No Teleportation Theorem, which says that classical information channels cannot be used to transmit quantum information,

That just means you can't extract the information from a quantum system that is needed to copy it.

and that quantum teleportation is not possible either, the No Communication Theorem, which says that you cannot use quantum entanglement to transmit information, and the No Broadcast Theorem, which says that you cannot broadcast quantum information.

Which was addressed in my first post where I said quantum teleportation requires the actual system to be teleported, not the information required to copy it. None of those things are relevant.
 scorpiomover

Joined: 4/19/2007
Msg: 40
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/26/2009 4:33:14 AM
RE Msg: 39 by abelian:
You are making this way harder than it is and drawing the wrong conclusion in the process.
Many of my teachers used to say the same thing. One time in one discussion, another teacher overheard us, and then proceeded to say that he was teaching the view to his students that I had stumbled across, because he believed it was far more accurate to the data, and answered a lot of the issues in a much more clear and efficient manner. Other times in my own reading, I found that many experts pointed out the problems I had, as real problems that showed the theory was flawed.

I know I am persistent in my refusing to just accept things on blind faith in others. But I usually find that when I have such questions, that there are genuine problems in the system, that only become public knowledge much later.


that the proof of it is that it results in a bra-ket operator that is equal to its own square, which is supposed to result in the 2 sides of the operators being equal, or they are orthogonal.
Ok. So what? That's straight forward to see. The state vectors are square integrable, by definition and they form a complete, orthonormal basis. If the integral of (Psi*) phi is 1, then phi = Psi. If it's 0, then phi is orthogonal to Psi. The square of 1 is 1 and the square of 0 is 0.
I cannot make that assumption in equations. I need to first prove that the only unit in the set of these operators is element 1. If there are multiple units, then the operator could be any of those unit elements. I don't know the notation and the basic maths behind it well enough to say that.


However, it seems to me that corollaries of the No Cloning Theorem exist, in the form of the No Teleportation Theorem, which says that classical information channels cannot be used to transmit quantum information,
That just means you can't extract the information from a quantum system that is needed to copy it.
That might be. I don't understand the theory as well as you. But it might also mean a contradiction in the theory.


and that quantum teleportation is not possible either, the No Communication Theorem, which says that you cannot use quantum entanglement to transmit information, and the No Broadcast Theorem, which says that you cannot broadcast quantum information.
Which was addressed in my first post where I said quantum teleportation requires the actual system to be teleported, not the information required to copy it.
I just don't see how it's possible to copy a system without copying the information. If you are suggesting that the actual object is transported from place to place, without passing through the locations between them, then I would find that very interesting, because as far as I know, that would be non-local movement, and would be an entirely different type of movement than all current understanding of how objects move place to place. One could then transport people instantly to another galaxy, because distance would not be an issue, and nor would any stars, planets or black holes between them.

None of those things are relevant.
I agree that they are not relevant if you just want a job in the subject. But I am far more interested in understanding theories, and proving they are consistent or not, than if they are relevant to my pay. Even in my own job, I want to know that what I do will work.
 INTOART

Joined: 3/12/2008
Msg: 41
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/26/2009 7:56:17 AM
Here is the simplest way to explain it that I can think of:

The two particles continue to share properties that they shared BEFORE they were separated. When the state of one particle is observed, the state of the other is known because it was something that they already shared.
NEW information added after the separation, however, is NOT shared by the particles. This fact eliminates the possibility of using them for communication.
Of course, this should have been obvious anyway, since FTL communication would lead to paradoxes regardles of how it is achieved, and is therefore impossible (as is FTL travel.)
 abelian

Joined: 1/12/2008
Msg: 42
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/26/2009 7:20:28 PM

I know I am persistent in my refusing to just accept things on blind faith in others. But I usually find that when I have such questions, that there are genuine problems in the system, that only become public knowledge much later.

It has nothing to do with ``blind faith'' in anything. It has to do with understanding the mathematics, which seems to be the crux of the issue since you say:

I cannot make that assumption in equations.

It's not an assumption. It's a simple consequence of integrating a complex valued square integrable function. There's nothing about which to make an issue except perhaps the agreement of quantum mechanics with theory, but so far, no experiment disagrees with quantum theory, so that is not an argument.


I just don't see how it's possible to copy a system without copying the information.

Did I say anything about copying anything? No. I said the actual system must be teleported, thereby negating any protests due to copying.

[quite]If you are suggesting that the actual object is transported from place to place, without passing through the locations between them, then I would find that very interesting,
I actually stated that, not suggest it.

because as far as I know, that would be non-local movement, and would be an entirely different type of movement than all current understanding of how objects move place to place. One could then transport people instantly to another galaxy, because distance would not be an issue, and nor would any stars, planets or black holes between them.

That doesn't follow. What also doesn't follow is that teleporting photons implies anything about teleporting matter. This is also more involved than it appears, but I'm not going to try to go through it here. However, note that it is possible to mix an ntangled state with one which is indeterminate and without altering the entangled state. Insofar as that requires no information to be extracted, it does not violate anything.


But I am far more interested in understanding theories, and proving they are consistent or not, than if they are relevant to my pay

You need to get the idea out of your head that everyone in the world but you has missed the obvious and doesn't care about the details just because you don't understand the details.
 scorpiomover

Joined: 4/19/2007
Msg: 43
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted: 6/27/2009 3:27:45 AM
RE Msg: 42 by abelian:
You need to get the idea out of your head that everyone in the world but you has missed the obvious and doesn't care about the details just because you don't understand the details.
I don't think that. I think that everyone in the world knows something I don't, and refuses to tell me. So I have to keep fighting until they tell me what they are refusing to admit that explains the matter, or until they tell me what they are refusing to admit that explains that the theory has conditions. I don't know which is true. I can only keep on pushing, until someone tells me what it is that everyone else knows that they refuse to tell me.
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