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| | First AidPage 1 of 2 (1, 2) | I thought it would be nice to collect things people have learned about First Aid, and to discuss First Aid in general as part of Health and Wellness. You could also include handy tips that you have learned about exercising safely, lifting safely, dieting safely, or dealing with life's little mishaps.
I took a First Aid course through the Red Cross after my Grandfather died. I was listening to my Grandmother relate how helpless she felt when he had a stroke and she didn't know how to help him. There wasn't that much she could have done, but she didn't know that. I thought that I would take the course and then at least I would know what it would be appropriate to do or not to do to help someone. Later, I took Infant First Aid and CPR after my daughter was hospitalized with a serious illness and I have had one re-certification of each since then.
I have learned some things over the years about health care, caregiving, and taking care of kids, and I like learning new things all the time about health, and how to help.
*Disclaimer: Don't assume anything here is the best medical advice. I would take the First Aid course in your area before trying to help someone medically in an emergency with anything but basic assistance. This is intended just to share ideas, and open them up for discussion. You can also check online at the Government Health websites, and other medical information sites for more in-depth information. With so many people not having access to health care, I know there are some people who are trying to get by without a Doctor's advice and doing things that could make themselves worse instead of better.
To start, here's a tip on cleaning cuts, scrapes and small open wounds:
Use Baby Shampoo. It doesn't sting, and helps clean dirt out better than water alone. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/27/2009 10:15:43 PM | PVC glue works great at sealing up cuts. It burns like crazy though
If the face is red raise the head, if the face is pale raise the tail
For hypothermia find a buddy and get naked (well almost completely naked) and cuddle up
a healthy lifestyle and staying in shape can be what makes the difference in living or dying, same thing for staying calm. commonsense goes a long way... | |
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 3 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 10/27/2009 10:55:31 PM |
Stop popping tonnes of asparin unless your Dr. has told you to. If you MUST, stick with 81mg/child dose Qday.
Stop medicating pain and start figuring out WHY you hurt.
Stop smoking (or don't, I will make my living off of you. Either way, win.)
Wear your seatbelt.
Stop randomly taking herbs just because some book or guru said to. Speak with a knowledgeable healthcare professional about them first, ESPECIALLY if you are on other medication.
START drinking more water. America is dehydrated. Get more fiber. America is constipated. Get 15 minutes of sun a day while wearing SPF8 or less. America is Vit. D deficient.
________________________
For you more hardcore types:
If you have to move someone who is laying unconscious, drag them by the collar of their shirt while stabalizing the neck.
For stab victims, if the object is still present, apply pressure around it, DO NOT withdraw it.
For GSW's, apply pressure and get to a hospital/call 911. If they begin to lose consciousness, lower the head and raise their feet/legs. It is like giving them an instant transfusion.
For heart-attack victims, keep them calm, give them asparin, get them to a hospital ASAP! If they have NTG, have them take one every 5 minutes, or the pain is not their "normal pain" if the pain is not gone in 15m (3 pills), get to a hospital! Hell, get them to a hospital at the onset anyways!
DO NOT try to perform a tracheostomy with a pen and a pocket knife. You are not MacGyver. You will NOT likely be successful in doing anything you want to be responsible for later. Abdominal-thrusts and rescue breathing. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/28/2009 7:48:56 PM |
"For GSW's, apply pressure and get to a hospital/call 911."
Please clarify the meaning of GSW. I am thinking you mean gunshot wounds?
I think that it is very important to emphasise that if you find anyone collapsed and unable to speak that you assume that they might have injured or broken their neck or back. Because you can't ask them if they can feel their feet, or hands, you might be further injuring them if you attempt to move them without bending their spine in any way. Sometimes a person with a broken back can be treated and walk again -- if they are handled carefully directly after the injury.
Of course, if the person is in a burning car or building and it is about to get much worse very quickly, I would just try my best to get them to safety with as little further injury as possible. Otherwise, if there is time, I would stand by and wait for the paramedics to move the person. Doing CPR if necessary, but being careful about moving the neck. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/28/2009 7:54:46 PM | An herbal remedy for sprains and bruises and swelling from closed injuries: (Closed, meaning not an open wound.)
Arnica. It is available in a gel form that you can apply topically (on the skin) twice to three times per day.
You can also take it in a pill form.
This really works and I keep it in my First Aid Kit. I have used it for several sprained ankles, a sprained hand, and friends who have hurt their knees in an accident. It reduces the swelling, lessens bruising and doesn't sting. It is a clear, odorless gel that doesn't stain clothing.
The brand I use is Arniflora, which is available at health food stores and vitamin shops.
Don't put it on an open wound, or on anything bleeding. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/29/2009 7:37:38 PM | | I'm a carpenter... keep crazy glue in first aid kit for cuts... stings a little at first but seals cut really quickly... always have a suture kit and butterfly sutures to help close cuts as well... but I think the most important thing is to always have a well stocked first aid kit... car... work... home... Oh, duct tape for wart removal... something in the adhesive... | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/29/2009 10:02:52 PM | A couple books I recommend as someone who backpacks etc are Where There Is No Doctor and the other is Where There Is No Dentist. And dont overlook common sense and the role it plays in preventing problems.
Like wear the right clothes for the activity. Such as sensible non slip boots or shoes, eye and ear protection, no loose clothing when using a chain saw. Or good hiking boots for walking in the mountains. No loose clothes for women and children around fire.
And have a fire extinguisher in the home, car and when cooking outside at home. Keeping knives and firearms out of the reach of children, drunks and mentally unstable. And learn CPR since I am amazed how often its been needed over the year.
The RED CROSS classes also can get you cheaper homeowners and even car insurance rates around here in the Sierras.
~Beth~ | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/29/2009 11:21:44 PM | I so agree about having a fire extinguisher available. I have a small one in my van. I keep a larger fire extinguisher in my kitchen. I also keep an open box of baking soda near the stove. (Pour it on a skillet fire to put it out.)
So this reminds me that prevention is the best medicine.
I went through my house one day when I realized that I was an employer... I had up to twelve people who worked for me coming to the house at one point... So I posted a fire escape plan in a central location (by the thermostat.) I only have one exit, so I purchased a folding escape ladder and put it under a window at the back of the house. I typed up emergency numbers, along with directions to the house (for giving to the emergency workers) and laminated it and put it by the telephone. (Now, with GPS and cell phones things are better.)
I made sure to have a carbon monoxide detector, and two working smoke detectors, and a bunch of emergency candles, flashlights and matches in an easy to find place.
I travel a lot, so in my van, I have two "kits" I made up. One for summer and one for winter.
The winter one has a shovel, some salt, some sand, jumper cables, candles, matches, some snack food, a small book to read (yes, its the bible). Cell phone charger, a car blanket, a car pillow and a sleeping bag for long trips, flares, a tire gauge, a portable tire inflator, flashlight, extra flashlight batteries, Swiss Army knife, can opener, some money, dry socks, extra gloves and hat, hand warmers, a bright orange cloth for identification in the snow, and a reflective blanket. We live in a very cold area where hearing about people getting stranded in the snow for long periods is actually a regular occurrence in the news.
The summer one has mosquito repellent, an umbrella, folding rain ponchos, extra sunglasses, sunscreen, a picnic blanket that is waterproof on one side, a Frisbee and a deck of cards.
The first aid kit has something for travel nausea, some aspirin, a tweezer for splinters, and a set of any current medications anyone in my family is on. I also keep a scissors and duct tape, a tow rope, and a sense of humor....now where did that go? | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/30/2009 5:19:45 PM | Aspirin:
(also known on some medicine labels as acetylsalicylate, salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, ASA or salicylic acid)
When to give aspirin:
Use it as a blood thinner when someone is experiencing emergency problems resulting from blood clotting, such as heart attack, stroke, blood clots in the legs. No water is needed, you can put the aspirin in the side of the cheek to dissolve.
When NOT to give aspirin:
When a young child has pain associated with a virus or a fever, or is sick with the flu. Aspirin can cause a serious side-effect that leaves them with lasting serious brain damage. Use another type of pain-reliever or fever-reducer instead. This includes when a child gets a fever after having a vaccination.*
About aspirin:
It can be used to reduce pain and inflammation. Over-use can lead to bleeding and ulcers. Since it acts to keep blood from clotting as easily, it should not be taken before having surgery or having invasive dental work done. Tell your Doctor if you have been taking aspirin well before surgery is going to be done.
Alternative Medicine information:
Aspirin was originally made as an extract of Willow Bark. You can still use Willow Bark Tea to get a milder and easier to handle effect that accomplishes the same two things, anti-inflammation, and analgesic, and some sources say it also helps to strengthen the immune system because of other compounds found in the original plant source of the active ingredient.
* Reye's syndrome is a potentially fatal disease occuring mainly in children and teenagers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Surgeon General, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Food and Drug Administration recommend that aspirin and combination products containing aspirin not be given to children under 19 years of age during episodes of fever-causing illnesses. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/30/2009 6:52:42 PM |
No loose clothes for women and children around fire.
this cracks me up. women and children should avoid loose clothing, but the men can wear all the caftans, capes, scarves and ponchos they want! | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/30/2009 10:05:53 PM | If someone gets bit by an animal, like a bat, a rat, a dog or cat, it helps to have access to the animal to diagnose Rabies.
So if you are assisting a person with an animal bite, try to locate the animal that bit them. Ask the person, at least, what type of animal it was, to describe it's appearance and behavior, and which direction it went if it ran off. If the animal has died, this is even more important. However, don't endanger yourself by trying to handle the animal in any way that it could also bite you (or give you fleas.) You could call an animal service, pest control service or city agency that deals with animals. If that isn't possible, wear thick gloves and long sleeves, even if you think the animal is dead, because it might just be unconscious.
The reason for needing the animal is to help the person to avoid having to go through the entire series of shots required to treat Rabies just in case. If you know the animal was not infected by Rabies by testing the animal you can avoid some of the treatments. | |
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Posted: 10/31/2009 7:54:53 AM | AWesome information ideoform!!! Thank You!
I am very much into the 'natural' remedies .. so here are a couple of my tips:
Pink eye / eye infection: 'splash'/rinse a tea bag with Hot water, then let it cool Some (so that it doesn't burn) .. lay back and put the teabag on the infected eye. This works like a charm on both pink eye and Most eye infections. NOTE: It also tends to stain the eye area, though it is relatively easy to clean up.
Colds: ((This Really Works!)) 2 cups of tea. No no no . .Not just Any tea .. here is the Recipe for "Cold cure tea":
Garlic (Fresh)
Gingerroot (Fresh)
Sage (*from your spice rack)
**A Good 1/2 teaspoon of each
Boil water, pour over above (in mug), let sit for 5 or 10 minutes (just cool enough to drink .. but still drink it fairly warm) .. Tastes like Crap! So - I cut it with Real (Fresh) Lemon and Honey (which are also beneficial to your health and also help with some of the symptoms)
1 cup in the morning and 1 at night. That's it. (2 cups total) **For more serious symptoms you might want to do this again the 2nd day.
Side effects? Gas. yep .. you'll fart for about 12 hours!! so I don't recommend this one before a "first" meet! lol
***If you are at the shore and cut yourself - Salt water and sand are Excellent astringents! They will clean the wound and (I have found) that wounds treated thusly heal much faster and leave very little scar (if any).
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 13 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 10/31/2009 8:26:57 AM | All good stuff, but how is sand an astringent? This means to "cause contraction of soft tissuse." Like Botox or something, taking out the wrinkles. Did you mean antiseptic? If so, all sand is going to do is abraid the wound. This could possible clean out physical debris, but if any sand gets left behind in the wound, infection is likely, or at the very least your body will treat the sand particle as the foreign body that it is and all havoc will break loose. The salt in the ocean is much better than nothing though.
As to the tea, I have drank different teas for colds before. It helps loosen up my snout and ease the sore throat, but I can't say I got over the cold any quicker, it did help with symptoms though. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/31/2009 9:15:51 AM | As to the tea, I have drank different teas for colds before. It helps loosen up my snout and ease the sore throat, but I can't say I got over the cold any quicker, it did help with symptoms though.
I was Not talking about "any" tea  - Have you tried the specific Recipe I gave? Didn't think so. It Does work - Every time.
I have also used the Ocean/Sand to clean some pretty serious cuts made by "cluster shells" those are oyster shells that have grown together. Last time it was a Huge gash that most people would have gone to ER with for stitches and a tetnus shot. I never had to.
The combination of Salt Water and Sand (I'm talking about in Clean waterways) does work as a Wonderful -
The word "astringent" derives from Latin adstringere, meaning "to bind fast". - I meant what I typed.
**I ONLY cite examples that have Worked for Me. Please also note the OPs disclaimer - re "medical advise" in these forums.
My little tips are things I have used over the years that have Worked (for me)...
Rather than nitpicking and critiquing my posts perhaps you have something to contribute to the Topic?
JWG86 - since you seem to Need to critique the Knowledge that some of us choose to share and since you do so without Completely reading that which you feel the need to "critique/correct" .. I can only assume that you are trying to 'look'/appear smarter. IF you Know something of first aid - why not share That information here? It might go further than your current style of participating in the forums. of course Age and Life Experience Might settle that down for you.
Til then, since You questionned my use of the word astringent in relation to the (Ocean) saltwater/sand treatment of wounds (at the shore) - here is a little more Information for you .. so you'll Know (next time):
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
astringent
any of a group of substances that cause the contraction or shrinkage of tissues and that dry up secretions. Astringents are usually classified into three groups according to their mode of action: (1) those that decrease the blood supply by narrowing the small blood vessels (e.g., epinephrine and cocaine), (2) those that abstract water from the tissue (e.g., glycerol and alcohol), and (3) those that coagulate the superficial tissue layers into a crust (e.g., metallic astringents, such as calamine or alum). Used in medicine to reduce swollen mucous membranes that result from inflammations of the nasal, gastrointestinal, and urinary passages, astringents are also frequently employed to dry up excessive secretions and (in this connection they are often known as styptics) to stop bleeding
Learn more about astringent with a free trial on Britannica.com.
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Cite This Source
please note in particular 2 and 3: 2 - "those that abstract water from the tissue" - SAND does that quite effectively actually AND it also tends to 'draw out' any other foreign substances/toxins. 3 - "those that coagulate the superficial tissue layers into a crust" Again - Sand does this as well.
Combined with that wonderful Ocean (salt) water - Sand is a Wonderful Astringent.
I would also add that Sand (from a Clean ocean floor) will Not cause infection should a little be left in the wound. FACT. | |
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 15 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 10/31/2009 5:44:30 PM | JWG86 - since you seem to Need to critique the Knowledge that some of us choose to share and since you do so without Completely reading that which you feel the need to "critique/correct" .. I can only assume that you are trying to 'look'/appear smarter. IF you Know something of first aid - why not share That information here? It might go further than your current style of participating in the forums. of course Age and Life Experience Might settle that down for you.
It appears that you have failed to read fully as well. If you had you would see what I contributed to this thread several posts ago.
Further, most sand is made of silica. Silica is indeed hydroscopic, but tell me, how long do you leave this sand in the cut? No medical text-book will recommend caking silica in a wound vs. rinsing it out. At least, none of my medical text-books recommend this. We are looking at infection as the largest risk-factor here, not toxins. Introducing silica to the wound will in no way reduce the risk of infection that I can think of. Can you please cite a peer-reviewed medical journal study or article supporting the use of sand vs. no sand in the incidence of a cut at the beach or similar?
I understand that for debridement without medical facilities, sand could potentially be useful, but we are probably not going to be debriding wounds at Padre Island.
No, I don't post information to appear smarter, I just do not accept everything I read, and am very leery of "folk" remedies that don't have a basis or any research. A lot of them work, for sure, but I like to see some kind of backing for this.
No, I have not tried YOUR TEA, I tried one with honey and lemon that my grandma advised me of. For you to state that your folk-knowledge is superior to hers, or that hers is superior to yours, well, that is just pointless. There are many folk recepies out there. I fail to see how any of them will hamper the replication of a virus. The only thing I can forsee is that it would enhance the immune system. At any rate, I will try YOUR FORMULA next time I have a cold. However, colds tend to last me no more than 24 hours, up to 3 weeks, depends on which strain I catch, ergo, it would be VERY hard to quantify what effect your tea had other than on how I felt physically as far as symptoms, which I stated I am sure it would improve.
I would like to point out to you that your recipe has something in common with EVERY other cold/flu recipe I have heard of. Temperature. Chicken noodle soup has been shown to be effective with colds. I feel that temperature is the key factor here, if your medly does indeed work, which, after further thought, it just might help some. Here:
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/17/chicken.soup.reut/
Again, I try to stick to advice that I am qualified to give within the scope of my education. I cite things that I have either been instructed on, or that have worked for me as well, and I always throw out a disclaimer if something has just worked for me and is not something we are given per hospital/agency policy or taught from a text-book. I question something if I feel it is not well-grounded. As I have done here. If this bothers you, then don't post something you cannot back up. Appearing "smart" on an internet forum is on the bottom of my to-do list. Anything I offer here is just because I enjoy conversing on the forum. If you like it, great! If not...well, how about I give you a refund for the money you payed me for it? | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 10/31/2009 8:52:22 PM | | Bleeding always stops sooner or later..........so I really don't know what all the fuss is about! | |
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 17 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 10/31/2009 9:12:03 PM | | Bleeding in the case of minor wounds is usually a good thing. Cleans it up. In the case of a "minor" puncture wound (nail, etc.) bleeding should be encouraged unless an artery was hit or there are extenuating circumstances. | |
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HO2
| | Joined: 10/11/2008
Msg: 18 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 12:20:42 AM | Irrigating a wound can be enhanced by using a simply zip lock bag and water.
By pressuring the zip lock bag with the water inside and squeezing similar to cake icing pipette you'll have a better chance of removing debris.
Weighs almost nothing takes up little space ---alternate rubber glove.
Kneeling on top of a Camelback or Platypus bag and using the flexible drink hosing works well too.
Wilderness first aid is whole new can of worms depending how far away from civilization you are.
Anyone can write a book --I repeat, anyone can write a book --...ad naseum
Whether they actually truly realistically have done the items in the wild, I doubt most authors have.
I've seen people puke, faint, turn white from little itty bitty simple wounds and some blood
Stepping up and making things happen isn't everyone's cup of tea, books don't equal real life.
If someone is going to bitch and whine if its going to leave a scar, I walk away--they don't want help
Prior Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance - Accidents CAN be prevented ! | |
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 19 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 1:33:27 AM | | ^I am still in awe of the hiker who hacked his own arm off with a pocket-knife when it was trapped under a boulder. Insane mental fortitude! | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 7:15:41 AM |
I've seen people puke, faint, turn white from little itty bitty simple wounds and some blood
My weakness is smells. A horrible smell my turn my stomach quick. I've yet to see anything distgusting enough yet to cause any kind of negative reaction. I've cleaned and quartered animals, have seen the standard run of the mill stuff, surgeries, etc. I remember once at work I had to transport an inmate to the hospital and he ended up getting an appendectomy. The staff there said that there was a chair in the corner that I could go and sit in if I was feeling faint. I told them heck no, that it was better then the discovery channel. They laughed and went into a little more detail into what all they were doing | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 8:16:25 AM | Tea Tree oil and Neem oil kill bacteria, fungus and all sorts of germs.
Neem fights mersa and gum disease /infections.
Lavender oil used neat is great for a fresh burn as is organic aloe gel. I mix them together.
Cayenne pepper stops bleeding (organic is best) Ice packs help
Cayenne has been used for heart attacks under the tongue with some success by doctors.
Ginger caps for nausea and other things.
Eucalyptus oil in a chest rub or humidifier/vaporizer for chest congestion
Dilute for chest rub on children.
Charcoal capsules for ingesting something that can make you ill. Spoiled food for example.
Apple pectin for upset tummies( diarrhea)
Swelling and sinus Querecetin and Bromelain on an empty stomach.
Arnica Montana under the tongue for bruises.
A few must have for me.
Dayum some people have a subscription to mens health and they know more than the
people that have studied this stuff for years it seems.
Umcka has been around since the Zulus to shorten cold durations.
Great thread and ideas ..Love it. | |
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HO2
| | Joined: 10/11/2008
Msg: 22 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 11:16:19 AM | Zinc Oxide is an antibacterial, a sunscreen, and prevents body odor while hiking extended trips.
Activated Charcoal - awesome stuff
i.) Widely used as a treatment in cases of poisoning.
Activated charcoal tablets attach to the poison
and prevent the absorption of the poison in the stomach.
ii.) Treat abrasions and other skin conditions.
Crush tablets, and water, apply paste to a cloth, place over the affected area.
Bleach - Sodium hypochlorite
Add 16 drops (1/8 teaspoon) of liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of boiled water to help purify.
Let stand 30 minutes.
Vitamin K-is a fat soluble vitamin and helps blood coagulate.
i.) helps stop bleeding and should be taken before heading into wilderness
Some of the best advice I ever got - Rely on Yourself not on Someone else - i.e. Personal responsibility | |
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JWG86
| | Joined: 7/5/2008
Msg: 23 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 1:01:31 PM |
Vitamin K-is a fat soluble vitamin and helps blood coagulate.
i.) helps stop bleeding and should be taken before heading into wilderness
Vitamin K can be obtained from green, leafy vegetables. It also counter acts the effects of Coumadin, anyone on coumadin should avoid it until speaking with their Dr. | |
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HO2
| | Joined: 10/11/2008
Msg: 24 | |
| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 1:14:34 PM | ^Some hikers skip the veggies and run on beef jerky, smoked fish, cheese, and gorp.
The dehydrated veggies in the meals probably doesn't offer up all the goodness of fresh.
Load up on the veggies before hiking out for a couple of days. | |
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| First Aid
Posted: 11/1/2009 3:01:02 PM | Thank you all for the input and ideas.
Of course, if anyone objects to the information provided, I don't mind if they put their concerns into posts on this thread. (But please follow the forum posting guidelines and don't flame other posters.)
I hope that everyone is using direct personal experience of things that actually have worked for them, or sound medical information. You can also check any information you are about to post on the internet to be sure it is accurate and complete. Please don't just post to criticize folk remedies just because of a personal preference for mainstream medicine, or post criticisms of mainstream medicine just because it has been presented without alternatives. If you want to discuss the controversy between mainstream vs. alternative, Western vs. Eastern Medicine, etc.... these would both be very interesting, good topics for other threads.
First aid is a broad topic, particularly if you include alternative medical ideas.
As for backpacking, hiking, camping, that is another whole area. It goes beyond simply packing for an extended road trip in a car or camper. Planning ahead is essential to safety, as some of you pointed out.
* It is important to pack something that will clarify and purify water if you don't bring along your own water, and even if you do, you should pack some water purifier in case you get stuck where you are longer than you planned to.
Here is a bit of folklore for everyone, that I know is true, but seems outrageous to those who have never had to be that self-reliant in the wild.
* To clean an open wound if there is no water available, you can use urine. Yes urine. As long as the person whose urine you are using doesn't have a urinary tract infection, their urine is sterile. So even though purified water is best, if you are in the desert, or have no access to clean water, urinating directly on the wound will clean it of dirt and debris. Particularly if you don't have clean hands or clothing to use instead. Just be sure to use FRESH urine. Urine goes stale very quickly because it has stuff in it that bacteria can use...thus the smell when urine gets old.
Another urine anecdote;
If you are selecting a nursing home for your loved one, choose one that has no stale urine smell. If the patients are well-taken care of, there should be no smell of urine. Even if the residents are using diapers, they should be changed regularly before the urine becomes stale or the residents will be more likely to get skin breakdown, bedsores, and urinary tract infections. Their urinary tract infections should be treated promptly so that their urine has no smell. The used diapers should be put into closed containers so that there is no stale urine smell in the area. An incontinent adult should have no more odour than an infant, if they are well-taken care of. | |
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