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Author
Thread: Changing Your Password Mail From BigFish
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
23 (
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Changing Your Password Mail From BigFish
Posted:
9/10/2009 8:13:10 PM
Had trouble changing my password earlier - mistyped a character, and the "e-mail password to user" function wasn't working - but I just tried it again and received my new password in my e-mail, so the issue is resolved for me.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
28 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/19/2009 7:09:35 PM
Just pointing out that wavelengths are not dependent upon clocks having hands.
Wouldn't want anyone to get the wrong idea.
So far, no 'aliens from the Pleidies' posts; so we must all be doing something right.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
24 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/19/2009 4:15:07 PM
Re; message 24 by theta42
Oh - 'degree' as in "greater or lesser, in measure" not 'degrees' as in a specific unit of measure (temperature or angle).
I'm just now reading an article on the phenomenology of sight: the author makes a case that the visual space we actually use is non-Euclidean, and he uses the example of the corners in a large room: when we look at them, to be honest, some of the right angles do appear to be greater than 90 degrees. We know this is not so; but our visual space is in fact curved (he states) although we have adapted to dealing with a locally Euclidean world.
I am not familiar with any measurement system that uses radiance to measure temperature; so although there are models which might substitute hue, saturation, and intensity for more arbitrary color models, I am pretty sure we are still looking at color temperature on the Kelvin scale to define the emission spectra which produce the wavelengths we perceive as color.
So, degrees of rotation and degrees of temperature are not interchangeable (unless some odd quantum equation has established a link); and I don’t think that arc seconds are going to get us any closer to time than the face of an old analogue clock.
Re: message 22 by apainlessend;
I didn't read where anyone referred to it as spacial though....
Dimensions have types, it doesn't make them any less definable as so...
But you are correct, it can be represented mathmatically but riddle me this..
If at that constant speed of light, our frame of reference is changed thus we in fact, "Take our time with us." the there are still measurements being taken, we've merely stepped outside the viewers frame of reference.
But those same atomic measurements apply to us....those seconds...those minutes..
A second will be a second from my frame of reference....
Same as the person viewing me....hence the effect of time dilation...
Which is something tangible...so can we not really consider that time is intangible? That it is an illusion?
Well, I certainly wasn't making the point that time is illusory - far from it. The point I was making is that time considerations distinguish between KINDS of things, not the degree of measurement which defines a thing's extension.
So to use your example; consider: you are moving at the speed of light and making observations, as you suggest. At the very least, there is going to be a very pronounced Doppler shift in the wavelengths of light reaching you; so, it is apparent that things are not going to look as they had relative to your radial velocity. Definitely, you will have something to observe (although I've always wondered: wouldn't the existence of background radiation make space appear opaque at light speed? Or at least, somewhat solid?) . Will you see some things differently? Presumably; my point of argument would be that even within that kind of example, time as 'difference in kind' would be apparent (a distinction introduced by Riemann before being developed by Bergson).
But 'difference in kind' isn't only between different kinds of things: the 'before' and 'after' which define "an event" are temporal distinctions in kind, also.
So - after you step out of your lightspeed state, you will definitely notice the true nature of time as difference-in-kind; because it will be a different world you return to, and not because it has gotten taller, or shorter, or deeper, or longer...
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
19 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/19/2009 1:26:39 AM
Well; in relation to your comment on Euclidean geometry, I think I see your perspective with reference to my comment on the apparent discontinuity of the objects noted within space; a comment extended by a_theist in his post.
With reference to your post, the definition of gravitational energy distribution would certainly firmly establish an independent variable that very well might contribute to our understanding of the dimensionality of space.
With regard to both of these points, I would further specify that we are, as biological entities upon this specific planetary body, very much part of a very specific energy gradient within which very narrow parameters determine our life processes; so our experience of temporality is quite determinate in its nature and extent.
Further, in that all of our collective experience (inclusive of all direct observation) has occurred within a very narrow sphere of influence relative to the gravity field of just one stellar body (and I am taking an extreme sceptics point-of-view here), we can't really determine if or then how our positional location as observers within this 'universe' might influence what we can or cannot observe, or even how said positionality might influence such observational processes as we can construct.
In short: it is one thing to definitionally state that 'the universe contains everything'; and quite another to imagine that we even can know what might be constituted by "everything." If there are temporal spatialites that are inaccessible to us, does it even make sense to say that we share a universe with them? Or would it be more reflective to say, there must be a multiverse, because we can determine that a transversality would be required before we could gain any kind of determinate access to such temporal and spatial alterities?
Again, I’m just speculating in metaphysics here; I’m not trying to disagree with what we know of our physical universe: so in other words, I’m just wondering, what would be the right questions be for science to ask in order to find out more about our ‘universe’... and in reference to this thread, I was just suggesting the kinds of questions that I think might tend to suggest an answer of "multiverse."
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
16 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/18/2009 9:58:57 PM
Re: message 12, by Necro Vine;
Hi, Necro Vine; fancy meeting you here.
Well, what could those people who are so intent upon penetrating the Branes they postulate enclose our reality be thinking? Are they going to send across their little quantum of data, only to decide the next morning that they wish they could take it back? Will they deny whatever results, or will they embrace the outcome? The expectation is electrifying!
Were Bergson to make himself dizzy with Merleau-Ponty, would he fall left or right? And which would matter more - our perception of that, or his? Which would people remember?
Why would people forget? Having not read that which isn’t written, will they read something else instead? What can they think of that unwritten text, having read an account in the hand of another? And were it simply said instead, would the sense of it dissipate with the last breath of the utterance? Were it written, would yet another sense supersede it in the reading?
How Egyptian of Socrates, to offer this poison to memory which presents itself as a cure for forgetfulness. How Greek of Socrates, to have us remember him by drinking it himself.
Writing, this drug which cures or kills, depending upon the dosage: either way it is a difference; and with it that which is, comes to be altered. It’s a roll of the dice, a chance mix of influences inside the crucible of the concept, and one can never say what the result will in the end connect itself with.
One can only say that the outcome will be different that it would otherwise have been, without knowing who will make that difference their own. And there the thread ends, deep inside the labyrinth, where the only outcome is alterity itself and nothing but the other will ever be found: there is always an exit and it could be found; but someone is writing in an entirely different way and knitting a sweater made for the headless, who envision an ending entirely different than that which awaits, hoisted high in the air where they expect to see their god ever smiling in affirmation.
Whatever happened to alterity, anyway?
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
15 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/18/2009 8:57:58 PM
Re: message 10, by Vanaheim:
General Relativity clearly displays time as a spatial dimension with math, supported by physical observation.
Yes but, General Relativity asserts a 'zero point' in making the speed of light a constant; and in doing so, it expresses itself as a 'gauge theory' which necessarily falls within the spatial conception of space as 'difference in degree'.
In effect, this structurally prevents temporality from occurring, within relativity, as anything other than a dimensionality of space - this spatializes time.
I am not saying that the speed of light isn't a constant; I am saying that the structural nature of relativity, as the kind of theory which it is, necessarily presents time as a spatial dimension.
I am not saying that the theory of relativity is wrong; I am agreeing that it presents time as a spatial dimension.
I am not saying that time cannot be presented as a spatial dimension; I am not saying that time should not be presented as a spatial dimension: I am saying that presenting temporality as essentially different than spatial dimensionality leads to 'an entirely different way of thinking.'
That does not contradict or refute relativity: it just gives us a different way of thinking about what ‘the universe’ might be, as “other” than we have been thinking.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
8 (
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Thoughts on a multiversal/universal perspective?
Posted:
7/18/2009 7:31:46 PM
The concept of a ‘multiverse’ is a difficult one with deep philosophical implications. It involves a very technical approach to metaphysics, such as that suggested by Henri Bergson: metaphysics as that branch of philosophy which most properly applies to physics.
The crux of the discussion, in my understanding of such an approach to metaphysics, can be found in message 4 on this thread:
So far the current model is based on demonstrable observation. There are four spatial dimensions: length, breadth, height and sitting there to begin with (time).
The point of departure which I would pick for moving from conceptualizing a ‘universe’ to thinking in terms of a ‘multiverse’ would be precisely the concept of a ‘time-space continuum’.
First, I would hold the argument (along the lines of Bergson) that time is not a dimension of space; because what we call dimensional space has the characteristic of varying by degrees of difference (so that, if you divide up a length, and breadth, or a width the difference you get is a degree of what you started with in that measure is always a more or a less of something). Time, by contast, has the distinct characteristic of varying by kind: the distinctions we make between ‘kinds of things’ are experientially based on their perceivable and historic occurrence, and this is a distinction which is very different than that of measurable degree.
Of course, one can ‘measure’ time and determine longer and shorter intervals; but this approach is often referred to in philosophy as “spatializing time”: attributing the characteristics of space to temporality.
If time is thus distinct from space, one might expect to find that temporality has a dimensionality which is distinct unto itself; and that the characteristic of ‘multiplicity’ which is expressed through the concept of ‘multiverse’ is in fact essentially temporal in nature: a distinction in kind, not in degree. Thus the nature of a ‘multiverse’ would, in temporal terms, be one of different ‘kinds of universes,’ not one of ‘more dimensions of space.’
In other words, we would not be dealing with a ‘time-space continuum’, but rather with a situation which would be characterized by ‘discontinua.’
Do we have any evidence that this might have observable aspects in our own experience? Well, I always start by reminding myself that our experience of space is based upon our observation of discontinuous objects: that the objects we find as spatially extended are discrete, with distinct edges and physical limits.
Our concept of the ‘universality’ of physical laws really comes from the concept of universality itself - one of the metaphysical underpinnings of physics. Immanuel Kant did a fairly rigorous job of examining where such a concept of universality arises; and when one looks at the empirical positions which his work was written in part as a response to, one finds an extreme scepticism which delights in suggesting that we have no certain grounds on which to establish such a ’universality’ which physical laws assume as a given.
In practical terms, for the demands of scientific method, it might not make much sense to do otherwise but to assume such universality; but in philosophic terms, there is always a question as to how far we can actually extend out ability to perceive (observe) into the realm of the real while retaining an ability to conceptualize what we might find.
For instance, suppose that something is implied by quantum mechanics which seems incomprehensible: are we encountering a defect in the theory itself, or in our abilities as biological organisms to grasp what the nature of reality might be? Such are the properly metaphysical questions which attend to any theory in physics.
Or, as some would contend, such is the nature of 'speculative hot air' - which is one reason why the term 'metaphysics' has such a bad reputation in the realms of physics.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
98 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/15/2009 7:42:03 PM
So, what's up with that idea which extends Dawkins' idea of 'the selfish gene' into a societal context: the 'meme'.
Is that, like, when someone keeps going: "Me, me, me me me memememmememe..."?
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
30 (
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Significant moment in science history
Posted:
7/14/2009 3:04:55 PM
Re: message 29;
So, then the greatest moment in science would be the invention of....
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
93 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/14/2009 12:53:11 PM
Re: message 99;
But then, you haven't really considered that I read any Nietzsche, or thought about what he wrote, from an entirely different angle than you, did you? All you decided was that they didn't match what you were taught.
I decided that you had no idea what you were talking about: that you had skimmed through a few passages of Nietzsche with no idea where they came from, no idea of the context, no idea of the implications, no idea of the through which went into the production of those concepts; that you assumed, as you always do, so instant and divine insight into what was being presented by Nietzsche and then went on to replace what Nietzsche had laboured his entire life to refine and polish with your own arbitrary understanding... and that you then went on to present yourself as a knowledgeable and reliable source of information regarding Nietzsche's "Will To Power", which is probably the most difficult and interpretively perilous of all his text - not in the least because he never finished writing it, let alone organizing and editing it for publication. The published version was compiled by his sister, after his death; as I mentioned, she was an Aryan supremacist, and that version of the text was edited to support her racist views.
Nietzsche's sister, Elizabeth:
"In 1885, Elizabeth married Bernhard Forster, a Wagnerian and an anti-Semite who was also a Prussian nationalist Forster went to Paraguay with Elizabeth to found a colony of pure Aryans. Nietzsche didn't attend their wedding and found his cumbersome brother-in-law hard to put up with. To another racist he wrote: "Please stop sending me your publications; I fear for my patience.""
Of and to his sister, Nietzsche wrote:
"people like my sister are irreconcilable adversaries of my way of thinking and my philosophy"; "souls such as yours, my poor sister, I do not like them"; "I am profoundly tired of your indecent moralizing chatter..."
Gilles Deleuze, "Nietzsche".
I have a copy of Nietzsche's "Will To Power" which was compiled from his original notes by a modern day philosopher, and which was thus not configured in support of the Aryan supremacy movement. The modern translation is of course covered by copywrite. You state that you read Nietzsche through quotes posted on the internet: which version do you think you were reading from?
It is so sad the way you refuse to admit to yourself when you are wrong that it is almost comical.
Re: message 100;
At times in my life, I've found them incredibly reliable, such as when someone says "because I'm your friend, I'll do such-and-such for you", then they are usually screwing you over, doing something for you, that is less than they would do for a stranger. I've found that when friends do favours for you, they never even mention the friendship, because it doesn't NEED mentioning that they are doing favours for you because you are a friend. That's why they're doing them for you.
"Proust's critique touches the essential point: truths remain arbitrary and abstract as long as they are based on the goodwill of thinking. Only the conventional is explicit. This is because philosophy, like friendship, is ignorant of the dark regions in which are elaborated the effective forces that act on thought, the determinations that FORCE us to think; a friend is not enough for us to approach the truth. Minds communicate to each other only the conventional; the mind engenders only the possible. The truths of philosophy are lacking in necessity and the mark of necessity. As a matter of fact, the truth is not revealed, it is betrayed; it is not communicated, it is interpreted; it is not willed, it is involuntary."
Gilles Deleuze, "Proust and Signs."
A great philosopher such as Nietzsche FORCED himself to THINK the necessities of what he was trying to articulate. You simply gloss over anything which contradicts your understanding. Other philosophers, such as Leibniz, have remarked how their philosophic work was almost too much for them to bear, with the demands it made upon them to work through an understanding of what they were trying to articulate.
So, when you claim to have "thought through" what you say about various philosophic concepts, I really must laugh because you haven't even started thinking yet; you don't even know what thinking MEANS in philosophy.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
41 (
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Generating electricity from electricity
Posted:
7/13/2009 10:40:43 PM
I recall reading an article recently about a cellphone manufacturer, I believe it was Nokia, who had developed a 'free electricity' device for their phones.
Apparently, it simply converts ambient radio frequencies - the key being that they use all available frequencies, not just one set frequency - into electrical energy; and mention of Tesla was made in that context. Sounded kind of cool; if the conversion can be done, there is certainly no shortage of radio stations to supply the free power.
However, as I recall, the device did not actually run the phone: it just trickled a continuous, miniscule charge to the batteries to keep them topped up.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
87 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/13/2009 8:19:18 PM
Re: message 96;
I am not well versed in Deleuze and Guattari but the little I know of their works leads me to wish I did. I do know that many labeled their work as postmodern which I am not sure fits well with the "concepts". I like their idea of the "Rhizome"much better than Dawkins memes simply because it forces us to observe and approach phenomona as if it was a jungle and we are somwhere in it. The best beginning is in the middle and see where the strands lead I suppose. Like I said though I wish I knew more of their works.
I suppose that I am a little better versed in the works of Deleuze and Guattari than most people; so I will offer a few comments here.
(Which means, I am familiar with their works to the point where I can turn around in my swivel chair and roll back to my bookcase, where I am in arms reach of the majority of their works that are available in English translation. At least one of those texts was translated by an ex-professor of mine, and he edited several others).
Technically, the philosophic works of Deleuze and Guattari are classified as post-structuralist in nature. The structuralist movement was of particular note in the field of comparative anthropology, with Claude Levi-Strauss being one of the primary figures in that movement. Levi-Strauss published such works as "The Raw and the Cooked", and "Structural Anthropology and Totemism."
Levi-Strauss developed his structuralist approach from the field of linguistics, where some were placing an emphasis upon patterns which words form instead of upon meaning. In linguistics, elements of structuralism can be traced from Saussure, to the school of Russian Formalism, to the Prague Linguistic Circle. There are very strong parallels between Modernism and these schools of literary criticism.
There is also, however, a very strong break from the Suassurean influence within current Continental philosophy; and it is in this sense that the meaning of post-structuralism can most easily be found. In particular, philosophers such as Jacques Derrida have stressed that Saussure's emphasis upon phonetic speech renders his analysis of writing as problematic. Derrida developed the concept of 'the text' as properly 'textural'; that is, involving the interweaving of language components such that a 'book' cannot be considered a discrete object, but must be seen as the interplay of the field of linguistic forces in which it occurs.
Similarly, Deleuze and Guattari approached 'the concept' as being compositional in nature, as being a fusion of internal components which must be isolated through a close reading of the texts in which said concepts appear.
As a result, Deleuze can be considered "a philosopher's philosopher": his readings of the texts of other philosophic writers are just meticulous; and if you like philosophy, then they are a joy to read.
Since post-modernism and post-structuralism come from the same roots, and share in common a Nietzschean critique concerning the nature of value, it is not uncommon to see the terms used interchangeably. However, post-modernism is a term most properly applied to artistic movements; and post-structuralism is distinctly philosophic in origin and character.
If you drop a Deleuzian concept into a Derridean text, then I guess you would have a perfect example of a rhizome: as the concept moved through the textual lines, it would gather into itself new components. Derrida did quite a bit of work analysing how concepts shift and change in this way; and that is a very different approach than structuralism would allow, since in that school of thought such a basic unit as a concept would be considered immutable.
The works of Michael Foucault would also be considered post-structuralist, in that he analysed how the institutional definitions of various structural aspects of society changed over time; and he did so through a very thorough documentation of the texts which these institutions produced.
My favorite example of a rhizome derives from botany (one of my fields of study during my university days), where a rhizome is a horizontal plant stem extending under the ground; it does not function as a root does, in that it has not evolved to absorb nutrients so much as to simply anchor the plant. New plants can pop up from any point on a rhizome. Rhizomes are found on the simpler plants, such as Bryophytes (mosses); and one of the coolest time-lapse videos I have ever seen is of one such species growth pattern in a forest: basically, the plant tends to grow best where rodents such as mice have deposited nitrogen in the form of urine; and this sped-up video showed the plant basically growing along little mouse-runs on a forest floor, following the urine trails left by the mice. It was really bizarre, because it was sped up to the point where the plant looked like an animate creature, moving along on the forest floor in a distinct clump, following these little paths around and around as new rhizomes grew and spread out and old ones died and decayed.
So; in reference to:
"History is always written from the sedentary point of view and in the name of a unitary State apparatus, at least a possible one, even when the topic is nomads. What is lacking is a Nomadology, the opposite of a history" (A Thousand Plateaus)
Deleuze and Guattari would once again be emphasizing culture as a form of production, which is constantly being made and then being remade anew. This is in contrast to a static and stratified view of a state history which is immutably carved in stone; such as monuments of a forgotten empire, inscribed in a now unknown language: meant to last for all of time, they now see a constant stream of people passing by who stop and think, "What the *#!^ does that say?"
Or perhaps, one might make reference to the way in which the history of human evolution is constantly being modified and refined in the light of ever more advanced techniques for biological and molecular analysis. In that context, what we mean by calling ourselves ‘human’ is in actuality shifting as we gain an ever greater understanding of how we came to be such as we are; but in a rigid model such as, oh let’s say religion, that was determined long ago and is immutably defined in the core belief systems of those models.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
83 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/13/2009 2:00:59 AM
Re: Message 77 by ScorpioMover;
OoooKaaay… only six pages of text this time. Well, let’s have a look:
You tell me about your lifestyle, when you voice your opinion.
One cannot guarantee the conclusions exactly. So one has to form a deduction based on multiple different statements, to put together a cohesive whole. Also, one only gains a probable lifestyle, as it is not guaranteed. But one can deduce much from someone's statements, simply if one is willing to consider multiple stated opinions, paying particular note to the details of how those opinions are expressed, and one use careful analysis, so as to be very careful to not be too eager to draw unlikely conclusions.
So what you are actually saying, is that someone tells you about their lifestyle when they tell you about their lifestyle. Or do you not accept the possibility that very many people will make statements of opinion based upon belief or upon principle? That very many people will voice opinions based upon what they have heard, or read, or seen through the media, regardless of the fact that they are speaking of things with which they have had no direct experience?
Let me give you an example: say someone who is trying to BS their way into appearing to have a grasp of a philosophic concept makes a statement about that concept, despite never having read any text in which that concept is introduced or developed. Should I then say that their lifestyle must include such philosophic considerations, because their opinion implicates them in some form of direct engagement with the thinking of that concept in its own right? No, of course not: what I need to say instead is that they are full of it and don’t know what they are talking about.
Once again, Nietzsche’s point was that when one makes an observational connection between a lifestyle and expressed opinions, then one can gain a fuller understanding as to the MEANING of the words used to express those opinions. Nietzsche established this insight through his early philological research.
I have read enough of those quotes to realise that according to Nietzsche, the Nazi viewpoint was simply to promote their chosen desires, to raise themselves to be a master elitist overlord over everyone else.
No, that is a complete misunderstanding of what Nietzsche was saying long before the Nazis even existed.
“We must again avoid misconceptions about the Nietzschean terms ‘strong’ and ‘weak,’ ‘master’ and ‘slave’: it is clear that the slave does not stop being a slave when he gets power, nor do the weak cease to be weak… In everything, according to Nietzsche, what is at stake is a qualitative typology: a question of baseness and nobility. Our masters are slaves that have triumphed in a universal becoming-slave: European man, domesticated man, the buffoon. Nietzsche describes modern states as ant colonies, where the leaders and the powerful win through their baseness, through the contagion of this baseness and this buffoonery. Whatever the complexity of Nietzsche’s work, the reader can easily guess in which category (that is, in which type) he would have placed the race of ‘masters’ conceived by the Nazis. When nihilism triumphs, then and only then does the will to power stop meaning ‘to create’ and start to signify instead ‘to want power,’ ‘to want to dominate’ (thus to attribute to oneself or have others attribute to one established values: money, honors, power, and so on). Yet that kind of will to power is precisely that of the slave; it is the way in which the slave or the impotent conceives of power, the idea he has of it and that he applies when he triumphs. It can happen that a sick person says, Oh! if I were well, I would do this or that - and maybe he will, but his plans and his thoughts are still those of a sick person, only a sick person.”
Gilles Deleuze, in “Nietzsche”.
Ironically, Nietzsche's own words state that Hitler was just someone trying to promote his own desires.
Nietzsche never said anything about Hitler; and if hew had, it would not have been such a bland statement:
“As early as 1869, Nietzsche’s philological works secured him a professorship in philology at the University of Basel… Nietzsche’s professorship made him a Swiss citizen. He worked as an ambulance driver during the war of 1870. At Basel, he shed his last ‘burdens’: a certain nationalism and a certain sympathy for Bismarck and Prussia. He could no longer stand the identification of culture with the state, nor could he accept the idea that victory through arms be taken as a sign of culture. His disdain for Germany was already apparent, as well as his incapacity for living among the Germans.”
Deleuze, “Nietzsche”.
Many religions have already expressed this idea in another manner, in the form of a consciousness of a whole people. I have read enough religious texts to say that the idea of a group consciousness has been made clear many, many times.
If the philosophers you cited do not consider such a consciousness as being possible, even if similar to an assembly of machine parts, then you would be right to state that the ideas you were citing were not the ideas I was referring to. Is this what you meant, that such consciousness is not possible?
No, what I mean is what I said: that the ideas I am referring to have nothing to do with religion or what you are calling a ‘mass consciousness of a whole people.’ What an absurd statement! What do you think consciousness is that you could even conceive of it as an attribute of a whole people? I don’t doubt that you gleaned the idea from religious texts: no doubt the case was made that human consciousness comes from an external god, and so can be collectively externalized into some kind of mass composite which has a life of its own.
The point isn’t whether the philosophers I referred to think this is possible: the point is that I didn’t say anything of the sort, nor did they: you did, and now you are trying to shift the argument onto those grounds when at no point did such an idea ever crop up.
Seems to be one of your favorite tactics, and one of the reasons why I consider discussing such matters with you a waste of my time.
Now, when I said: I will stop myself from posting libel here or anywhere else - it is not something that I do;
You replied:
That is your right.
No, it is not my right: it is my responsibility. Do you even know the first thing about libel laws? Because if you did, you would realize that the mechanism through which libel is disseminated is also held accountable under the law, along with the person who commits the libel. It has become apparent to me that you don’t have the slightest care or consideration for the this site which you so freely use: I am certain of this in that other statements you have made in a now deleted thread indicated your expectation of being banned from this site periodically for not following forum rules; so I must suppose that you consider yourself to be above such guidelines.
Making reference to UK newspapers as often sued for libel doesn’t say much more than they are not practicing responsible journalism… are these the same papers that were recently caught illegally tapping into private telephone conversations in search of juicy tidbits of gossip? Is that a right they have, or some kind of responsibility? Because governments do not have that right, so it seems odd that newspapers would.
Maybe that is some kind of right contingent upon this ‘group consciousness’ of which you speak.
When I said: “I have no moral obligation to help you to change or alter the characteristics of your interpersonal communications.”
You replied:
It is merely an outgrowth of the moral obligation to help others, that wish to be helped. If you have no desire to do so, then that is your choice. But I would regard it no differently than helping an old woman across the road, who shows that she wishes to be helped across the road.
So, are you an old lady then? And do you think that others have a moral obligation to undertake for you things which are clearly your own personal responsibility? Perhaps, that other people don’t have anything better to do - as far as you are concerned?
There was an old lady in the city where I live who was on her own, and who had developed Alzheimer’s Disease. With it, she acquired the habit of walking very slowly down the center of the street. She didn’t want to cross the street, she wanted to walk down the middle of it - very, very slowly… or if she did, she couldn’t remember her intention to cross for as long as it took her to get to the other side.
Somebody finally did something about this situation - I assume, placing her in a care facility - after a photographer published her photo on the front page of the local paper. The photo showed her standing on the side of the street, waiting to cross - while the street was being paved, and a steamroller slowly approached the place where she was standing.
Of course, a telephoto lens was used to compress the perspective; but the point was made.
Now, then - do you really want me to help you to cross the street? Because I am not a boy scout.
Say, I wonder what your friend Nietzsche would say here? Let’s see;
“The donkey has two flaws: his No is a false no, a no of resentment. And moreover, his Yes (Y-A, Y-A) is a false yes. He thinks that to affirm means ‘to carry, to burden’. The donkey is primarily a christian animal: he carries the weight of values said to be ‘superior to life.’ After the death of god, he burdens himself, he carries the weight of human values…”
Deleuze, “Nietzsche”.
I am not a donkey either; and I don’t know where you managed to get the idea that I might be a beast of burden who would take up and carry for you what there would be every expectation of you carrying for yourself.
Bear also in mind, that my mother's grandparents were from Europe, one from Vienna, one from the border of Poland and Russia, and so many of my family were wiped out in the Holocaust. So I am not using these terms lightly.
So tell me, how do you think those members of your family would feel about you insulting someone whose family members risked their lives to stop that from continuing, by calling that person a Nazi? Would they pat your back, or would they slap your face?
So; you said:
Put up, or shut up. If I really have a problem, you should inform me, in order that I might do something about it. If not, then every action that I take in that vein, is with your open approval.
To which I replied:
You have neither the justification nor the right to make any declarations in my name, nor to imply my tacit approval for your doing so.
At this point, you said:
If you don't think it is close to murder, to have someone you know say that they don't mind murdering someone, and you say nothing about it, then that is your philosophy. But I think it is. If you have a chance to stop evil happening, merely by informing someone, then it only makes sense to say something politely. It doesn't mean that the person will definitely listen. But it will be something that is then brought attention to their consciousness, and will be something that plays on their mind. It will make a difference.
So… are you saying that you intend to kill someone? Or… that I am pushing you to kill yet again? Hmmm… I REALLY hope you lost me on THAT one.
Well, let’s consult with Nietzsche again:
“Let us now specify, for the case of man, the stages of the triumph of nihilism. These stages constitute the great discoveries of Nietzschean psychology, the categories of a typology of depths.
1) RESENTMENT: It’s your fault… It’s your fault… Projective accusation and recrimination. It’s your fault if I’m weak and unhappy. Reactive life gets away from active forces; reaction stops being ‘acted.’ It becomes something sensed, a ‘resentment’ that is exerted against everything that is active. Action becomes shameful: life itself is accused, separated from its power, separated from what it can do. The lamb says: I could do everything the eagle does; I’m admirable for not doing so. Let the eagle do as I do…”
Deleuze, “Nietzsche”
How am I doing so far? I don’t know if I will manage six pages out of this, but…
Neither is the familial structure the main source of consciousness or of bonding in religion. It is simply the most commonly found unit of bonding in the populace. As religion needs to take account of biological structures, the family unit becomes important to consider, when it is beneficial, and when it is destructive. If you peruse religious literature, then at least in some religions, if not all, one finds that the main unit of bonding and of common consciousness, is shared values and shared goals, nothing more, nothing less. Only when the family has those shared goals and shared values does the family exhibit a consciousness, but normally, such a consciousness is described only in the identification of an entire people, or a large sect that treats itself as if it was a people separate from the rest.
Oh - here we go. So there’s the source of your idea that consciousness exists as an externality, outside of our direct experience of human consciousness and the direct implication that it is a product of biological process and thus isolated to occurrences within organisms.
Pretty much what I thought.
No, that is nothing like what Deleuze and Guattari were talking about when they united their description of the molecular unconscious with their description of social organization through their definition of desire as production. Not even close: in fact, they went to great lengths to describe how Freudian psychology typically takes the template of the Oedipal triangle - familial organization - and interprets everything in accordance with that ideological formalization… and how religion does exactly the same thing.
By the way, families are social, not biological, structures. It is really interesting, though, to note how the lacuna within your knowledge base are beginning to become evident as we close on the core of your belief structures. Of course you haven’t done any alternative reading in areas that close to what you hold true in your beliefs - why would you? No need to, that close to what you hold as certain.
Now, I find it ironic that I could say something like:
“It is really typical of a theistic “bleed into one” approach that someone could assume anything can be lifted from anywhere and dropped in with whatever else and still retain the meaning it had in the context from which it was taken… but of course that’s the point, isn’t it? It can’t retain its meaning or even its functional character, it can only take on the meaning and function assigned to it by the big dominating mixing bowl it has been tossed into - a very typical mechanism of over-coding which is a dominant characteristic of religious imperialism.”
…and yet still see you say, with reference to my statement “…philosophy is conceptual in nature and is not defined by the functionalities revealed through scientific experimentation.”
That might be your view. It is not mine. AFAIK, philosophy is composed of ideas. So are scientific hypotheses. Some of those ideas can be tested via analytical methods, such as experimentation.
I find it ironic because, concepts - the primary concern of philosophy - are not “ideas”: ‘ideas’, as the term is commonly used, are distinctly pre-philosophical. Similarly, the role of scientific method if to determine the functional parameters which define the repeatability of any experiment; so ‘ideas’ are pre-scientific as well. But of course it is easy enough to pull out a but mixing pot called “ideas” and dump all of the sciences and all of philosophy in and, Hey presto! Look, philosophy and science are the same thing! Or so they appear.
Eidos: Greek; form, appearance. So to translate what you said: “Philosophy is composed of appearances. So are scientific hypotheses. Some of those appearances can be tested via analytical methods, such as experimentation.”
Oh?
“In a word, the object of perception constantly overflows consciousness; the object of an image is never anything more than the consciousness one has of it; it is defined by that consciousness: one can never learn from an image what one does not already know.”
Jean-Paul Sartre, “The Imaginary”.
Do you see the problem here? Ah - science, and the scientific method, are designed to explore the real world which perception reveals to us. Concepts, on the other hand, bring together specific aspects of knowledge. Can one then apply scientific method to a study of concepts? Well, to what end if concepts are defined by what is already known, and scientific method is designed to reveal what is not know? So, what are you talking about, anyway? How can scientific experimentation be applied to philosophic concepts?
Granted, that might be a rather radical viewpoint. But I have always tended to think that where it could be possible, a scientific approach might lend light on an issue.
So where precisely do you think that this would be possible?
Finally:
If people are not careful to realise that with the removal of religion, that the same type of intellectual authority is removed as well, someone can easily replace scientists and other academics in their place, and this can be observed directly with the historical development of societies where religion has waned, or been removed altogether. Religion, and G-d, threaten the power of the academic to claim that others should accept his views, merely because he claims to know more, because they project an alternative authority to listen to, forcing the people to think before they accept the word of an academic.
So… you are arguing that the sciences and the various other academies derive their authority from religion? Or… that religion is a viable alternative to science because it can make people think that science is wrong? And you are basing your argument on the grounds that religion and science both have authority, and that by removing religious authority scientific authority also goes… but that by keeping religious authority, scientific authority is threatened?
And you wonder why I don’t want you e-mailing me?
Oookaaay…..
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
64 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/12/2009 1:28:07 PM
Re: Message 69;
I know you will keep doing what you want. Nietzsche tells us that the Will to Truth is a result of the Will to Power, that our claims are to support our lifestyles. If your lifestyle dictates that you wish to live in harmony with others, then your opinions will reflect that. If your lifestyle dictates that you wish to refuse to acknowledge that not everyone agrees with you, then your opinions will reflect that. You tell me about your lifestyle, when you voice your opinion.
Okay, so explain to us how a “lifestyle dictates” anything, let alone opinions. You are openly stating that this thing you call ‘lifestyle’ is in direct control over personal choices; and that it is external to the person making those choices (or perhaps you can establish how this ‘lifestyle‘ is a biological component of the human organism?). Yet it is readily apparent that lifestyle is a selection of choices; and Nietzsche’s point was that such choices are made with reference to a position of personal power. Your understanding of his argument is circular; you have no justification in stating that you can determine a person’s lifestyle from how they voice their opinions. According to Nietzsche, you would only be able to make such a connection if you had both the lifestyle and the opinions in question before you: THEN you could make meaningful observations on the nature of the connection between.
Oh - and you might want to do a little research into the origin of the copy of “Will To Power” you are reading. The original is just a collection of notes made by Nietzsche for a book he did not live long enough to publish. These notes were collected together posthumously by his sister - an avowed Aryan supremacist who is the one person most responsible for putting Nietzsche’s work into a form which could be used by the Nazis in ‘support’ of their racist agenda.
Many religions have already expressed this idea in another manner, in the form of a consciousness of a whole people.
No, you are just assuming they have - since you have not read the original texts in question, you have no idea if this is true or not - you only have a supposition which is based upon how you want to see things as being.
If you want to, no-one will stop you posting libel here. Plenty of posters have made accusations against me. If you don't want to post such things in public, because you do not want to embarrass me, then there is still a moral obligation upon you, to inform me of me weaknesses, by mailing me directly, so that I might change my behaviour. If you wish to claim that I won't, then I formally state here, that I will adapt to whatever is a genuine moral complaint. My mailing criteria is completely open, so that is no barrier either.
I will stop myself from posting libel here or anywhere else - it is not something that I do; nor is it something which anyone with a background in print publications would do, either.
I have no moral obligation to help you to change or alter the characteristics of your interpersonal communications.
If I did, do I think that you would change your behaviour, as you state? It is such an easy thing to say. But I just saw you accuse a man of being the equivalent of a Nazi, just because you don’t like his views on ALL religion. Judging by his response, it seems very probably that members of his family at the very least fought against and possibly died in their personal contribution toward ending the Nazi tyranny over Europe. But of course, rather than apologize yourself, you just go on to try and justify your insult… a response that I find typical of your arrogance.
I have no wish to mail you directly. My e-mailing criteria are not open (but I suspect you know that already or you would not have mentioned it).
Put up, or shut up. If I really have a problem, you should inform me, in order that I might do something about it. If not, then every action that I take in that vein, is with your open approval.
You have neither the justification nor the right to make any declarations in my name, nor to imply my tacit approval for your doing so.
Such a "human machine parts" approach, is just a possible explanation for an existing religious idea. It might, or might not, hold merit. The scientific method can aid us in constructing scientific experiments to determine if this approach is valid or not.
If you had read anything of the authors I mentioned, you would realize that what they propose is nothing like the familial structure found in religious institutions. Further, philosophy is conceptual in nature and is not defined by the functionalities revealed through scientific experimentation.
I think that it should not matter who says an idea of philosophy, whether they are Anglo-American, Continental, or African, whether educated in a university, or no education, or growing up in a simple agricultural village, whether religious, theist, spiritual, agnostic, or atheist. It would be nice if everyone else seeks to gain knowledge and understanding wherever it may be found as well.
Distinct schools of philosophy have determinate historical roots and patterns of development which make then to a certain extent internally consistent, and distinguishable from one another. It is really typical of a theistic “bleed into one” approach that someone could assume anything can be lifted from anywhere and dropped in with whatever else and still retain the meaning it had in the context from which it was taken… but of course that’s the point, isn’t it? It can’t retain its meaning or even its functional character, it can only take on the meaning and function assigned to it by the big dominating mixing bowl it has been tossed into - a very typical mechanism of over-coding which is a dominant characteristic of religious imperialism.
Which is probably what people find most obnoxious about religious fanaticism: the way in which the theistically inclines take what ever from where ever and say “oh this means that because of our belief in god. And we can‘t be wrong, because of our belief in god”
No, it doesn’t. You are wrong. And there is no god.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
59 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/12/2009 1:24:46 AM
Re: message 65;
I understand he is attempting to connect the individual and social levels.
I myself am rather fond of the approach that Deleuze and Guattari take to this problem, and their solution of joining the personal ("unconscious") with the social using the concept of production: desire-as-production (as opposed to the Freudian desire-as-lack); and society as a machinic composite.
Some do not like the idea of people as 'human machine parts'; but anyone who has ever worked in a factory knows just how true that can be.
Since the concept of 'assemblage' becomes pivotal in this kind of analysis, the whole question concerning how "any essentializing arguments in the end fail empirically" is displaced by considerations defined through assemblage: variation is defined by the fitting together of the components, not in any 'essential character' of those components.
Surprisingly, contradictions just make the whole system work better - because then more components need to be added to mediate said contradictions, which again brings the compositional nature of assemblage to the forefront.
Recently, my own studies have lead me to some very interesting 'precursor' concepts of these ideas in the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre, who certainly fits into the existentialistic-humanistic scheme of things where one tends to find Nietszche and Camus.
In contrast to the biological paradigm which Dawkins is associated with in philosophy, Deleuze and Guattari do not think that it is necessary to define conscious states in terms of brain processes. Also, while the linguistic studies published by Guattari clearly define genetic types of biological encoding as distinctly machinic in nature, they also define several other forms of linguistic construction which are very different in their functionality: as a basic distinction, one can see clearly that "meaning" is not a parameter of the genetic code, which is strictly functional in character.
So, yes there is still a very wide gulf between the Anglo-American and Continental schools of philosophy; and to my mind, Dawkins is very much of the Anglo-American school. But it is nice to have contrasting points of view; one never knows what one will find in between them.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
54 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/11/2009 10:57:03 PM
Re: message 62;
If you said that to my face, I'd be punching you right now. A lot. I won't bother going into my family history, or what they did during the war, but suffice it to say that's one of the worst things you could possibly say to me.
I'm just going to kick in that I've noticed a certain periodic cyclicity to the mannerisms of the posts made by the person you are responding to; but that, if I posted my own interpretation of what causes that (without any proof), then I would be committing libel.
Not saying this as any sort of justification; just to say that I will certainly step up and offer an apology for what sounds to be a deeply hurtful personal insult.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
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Name Richard Bach's book where a prophet burned his scriptures
Posted:
7/11/2009 7:25:28 PM
Jonathan Livingston Pyro?
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
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Msg:
35 (
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Richard Dawkins fans?
Posted:
7/10/2009 9:23:17 PM
Dawkins did cause a revolution in philosophy, even though he is a biologist. When I was studying philosophy in university, the 'linguistic paradigm' was the dominant model being studied. The idea there was that, by studying language a clearer idea of what thought is could be reached.
Dawkins and "The Selfish Gene" came on the scene near the end of my time at university. I clearly remember the uproar: the colloquiums, the discussion groups, the lecture series that ensued. It was almost bizarre, because one had the sense of something irrevocably unstoppable taking place. It was clearly not a "fad": it was a major paradigm shift, occurring with amazing rapidity, and it was clear to all who witnessed it that this was something which was not going away. This was a permanent shift in the fundamental emphasis which defined current philosophy, and it was occurring because those who had dedicated their lives to philosophy could see that his arguments could not be simply dismissed; not could they be effectively countered.
Aside from whether he was 'right' or not, he was consistent - and consistency is a major defining characteristic of philosophy. That is what made his arguments so compelling.
Now, when one undertakes an overview of consciousness studies, one finds that a biological paradigm is firmly in ascendancy. Debating the nature of consciousness with reference to linguistic models has been completely superseded by a study of brain processes; linguistically defined studies which attempt to define consciousness have been replaced by clinical studies of how the brain works to produce both language and consciousness.
It could be argued that this would have happened without Dawkins but, the fact remains that it is Dawkins' "Selfish Gene" which made philosophers realize that a biological model of consciousness was on the verge of becoming the main point of focus for consciousness studies.
Having had my philosophic training during the days of the language paradigm, I certainly do still make a very great use of that academic resource; but I also find the biological paradigm immensely useful, in that it often clarifies areas which are quite nebulous within the linguistic paradigm. It also supplies a wealth of empirical data where once philosophic speculation held sway, allowing inquiries into the nature of consciousness to make immense leaps over endless morasses of speculative contingency.
Dawkins "The Selfish Gene" really was a turning point in modern philosophy, more so because of what he did, and how he did it, than because of what he said. The initial philosophic arguments raised by his book - centered around the concepts of freedom and determinism - have given way to a functional pragmaticism whereby biological considerations are now integral to philosophic concerns.
To my eye, the immense contribution of Dawkins wasn't a philosophy of "The Selfish Gene" - it was the dawning realization within philosophy that new forces were at work which could present arguments of a consistency and force that were indeed characteristic of what philosophy necessarily considers itself to be.
For a good example of this, have a look at David Chalmers’ listing for online papers on consciousness:
http://consc.net/online/
Note how papers related to a scientific approach to consciousness theory are already beginning to rival in quantity the more classical approaches to such questions.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
18 (
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Law of attaction -- a different perspective
Posted:
7/9/2009 5:06:49 PM
I'll always remember what I consider to be a 'famous quote' from a philosophy prof back in university (3rd metaphysics and epistemology class):
"It is of the nature of the real that it resists the will."
Pretty good rule-of-thumb, I think: very helpful in "keeping it real."
Indisputably, we are all walking waterbags of ongoing chemical processes. We are intimately linked to out environments on a molecular scale, and are all pumping out chemical signs that others pick up on a molecular level... chemical pheromones, for instance, have been proven to be pivotal in attraction.
We are social creatures, too - a fact we seem to share with our closest simian relatives, so it must be supposed that this has been true for a s long as humans have been such. As animals that work together in groups, there is a survival advantage to be had in having others of a group actively pick up on the chemical signals which accompany stress or fear: having the whole group become alert at one member's fear helps ready the group to ward off predators, protect the children, etc... even if there is a trade-off in that predators can sense this, too - the old adage, "animals can smell fear."
There is nothing mysterious or unique in this: trees emit chemical signals when under attack by insects which causes other trees nearby to produce chemicals which make them more resistant to the insects - before the insects reach them.
There are environmental guidelines in place for slaughterhouses which stipulate the level of neuro-chemicals - stress and anxiety related - that can be in the air from the slaughtered animals.
So yes, as the social creatures which we are, there is a causal link between 'how we feel' and the reactions of those around us: it is well documented and it occurs on a molecular level of interactivity with other living things.
There is no disputing that.
However, this does not mean that we create the reality around us by our thoughts - no matter how much we might like to think that this is possible. Influencing people by how we act is a completely different form of interactivity.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
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Law of attaction -- a different perspective
Posted:
7/9/2009 2:34:51 PM
One night I came home late and went through three stop signs
What's up with that? What kind of attitude does that reveal? It says: "You are the only person who matters and too bad for everyone else".
Now in physics, the 'law of attraction' states: "Opposite forces attract; identical forces repel." It seems to me that the situations you open this thread by describing are ones in which you take exception to others who have the same attitudinal orientation that you do; so, far from providing a different perspective on 'the law of attraction', you seem instead to have really just provided us with yet another example.
Just sayin', is all.
On a different note:
You attract whatever you put out and it sounds like you are getting EXACTLY what you believe is true...which IS the Law of Attraction in a nutshell. What we see outside of ourselves is EXACTLY a perfect reflection of what we believe is true. Change your mind, change your reality.
That should read: "one perceives what one is conscious of". It should of course be noted that reality is not contingent upon ones perception of it - I think we can all agree that the world does not cease to exist when we fall asleep. It is, however, a defining characteristic of religion that it teaches people how to lie to themselves well enough that reasonable doubt can be exorcised - nothing new in that, whatever age we are in.
I don’t want to end this post without a positive note, however, so I’ll just comment that, no, of course life isn’t fair; it is people who have the trait and quality of fairness. A little empathy goes a long way.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
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Question about forensics and/or archaeology
Posted:
7/9/2009 7:59:43 AM
Well, it is a bit of a specialized application; most people who use cameras would not be familiar with it, whereas many people who are involved with forensics and archaeology might be.
I have been thinking that I should have added "astronomy" in the thread header, since this process is often used to remove various forms of blurring from images of stars (which, as perfect points of light, are easy to define the blur radius for).
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
19 (
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Significant moment in science history
Posted:
7/9/2009 7:51:49 AM
Astrology itself developed out of an earlier (and much more useful) systemization for mapping territory. Astronomy didn't so much diverge from astrology as return to its roots, as a systematic mapping of the sky.
Astrology was the original "Star Trek", a fictionalization appended to and developed from a very practical terrestrial technology. A kind of hybridization of this can still be found in the ancient Chinese art of geomancy, which still retains traces of the original mapping technology underpinning the overcoat of fiction.
Having said that, and having become acquainted with what passes for 'science and philosophy' with some who post here, I suppose I should stipulate that I did indeed take a course in astronomy while at university; and that I don't practice either geomancy or astrology.
I did go and see the latest Star Trek movie, though.
And I am going to cast my vote for "greatest moment in science" for... metallurgy: the realization that subsurface properties in materials can be extracted and manipulated in their own right (as opposed to the concept of such properties being necessarily and irrevocably inherent in the material, as is the case with technologies associated with the manufacture of stone tools).
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
12/27/2006
Msg:
3 (
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Question about forensics and/or archaeology
Posted:
7/9/2009 1:38:11 AM
Good question. No, chromatic aberration is due to the fact that different wavelengths of light are focused at slightly different points by the same lens. This problem is more or less corrected in modern camera lenses by specialized coatings and by special glass elements (low dispersion glass).
Spherical aberration is a different phenomenon altogether, whereby the curvature of the lens surface (necessary in order to gather light) causes the center of the lens to focus light at a different point than the edges of the lens. This is not a significant factor in most instances, since the distance from the lens to the subject is many orders of magnitude greater than the curvature of the lens; so a curvature of a few centimeters will have no noticeable effect on a subject which is tens or hundreds of meters away. When the subject is much, much closer - say, around ten centimeters - and the depth of focus drops to a few millimeters, then the curvature of the lens will be greater than the depth of focus; and then it will be impossible to focus both the center of the subject and the edges of the subject at the same time.
This is corrected by the specialized optics of macro lenses, such as the bellows mount macro lenses that I am using. This is why they are called "flat field" lenses - the center and edges of the lenses will focus on the same plane.
Diffraction blur is caused by closing the aperture down, usually to: 1) use the center of the lens, which is optically superior to the edges (the best setting is usually around f8) and; to 2) increase the depth of focus the lens produces, since smaller apertures produce greater depth of focus.
The aperture setting of a lens is a ratio between the lens length and the diameter of the lens opening. As the aperture gets smaller, this ratio increases: hence, the "f" number gets bigger. There is always a certain amount of bending to the light passing through the aperture; this is diffraction, and it occurs at the edge of the opening through the lens. This can be considered a constant; but as the aperture grows smaller, the percentage of light passing straight through the lens decreases in relation to the amount of light that is bending at the edge of the opening. This means that at the smallest opening of a lens aperture, a relatively large amount of the light reaching the focal plane is made up of light which has bent slightly at the edge of the lens aperture, which results in a 'softening' of the image or a loss in detail (resolution).
This can be corrected through a deconvolution algorithm, which runs through a Fast Fourier Transfer. This converts the pixel values of the image into frequencies which can be mathematically manipulated; the Fast Fourier Transfer is then reversed to reconstruct a standard pixelated image.
One needs to establish the amount of diffraction to be corrected, in terms of the blur that a point of light undergoes in passing through the lens; and that is what my question addresses. I can compare the results obtained with an optimal lens setting to that achieved by the smallest aperture available; but then I have to estimate the amount of blur that has occurred.
I'm just wondering if anyone knows of a better, more consistently quantifiable approach than the process of estimation I am using - since the fluid nature of the bellows extension, the variety of bellows mount macro lenses I am using, the variation in subject size and the wide variation in the actual size of the specular highlights I am estimating diffraction blur from make a formulaic approach to establishing the diffraction blur a little too involved for practicality's sake.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
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Msg:
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Question about forensics and/or archaeology
Posted:
7/8/2009 6:21:04 PM
I’ve noticed in the course of other discussion threads that there are several people here who have a background in forensics and/or archaeology. I have a question that I would like those with some experience in these areas to consider.
The background: I have a number of small artefacts that I need to photograph for an ongoing research project. Previously, I had been using a film camera - an Olympus OM-4 T - with an auto bellows and a collection of very nice bellows mount macro (flat field) lenses.
Last year, I decided to go digital; and despairing of Olympus ever releasing a full frame digital camera, I decided to switch to Nikon and invested in a D700. I really missed my Zuiko bellows mount macro lenses, though; so this spring I built an Olympus-to-Nikon adaptor to allow me to use those Olympus Zuiko macro lenses and auto bellows on the Nikon D700.
(There are no commercial adaptors available, since the distances from the lens mounts to film/sensor planes make Olympus lenses and Nikon bodies incompatible - in that Olympus lenses would never focus at infinity on Nikon bodies… which isn’t an issue with bellows mount macro lenses since they can never focus at infinity on any camera anyway).
All of which is working really well; but of course the depth of focus is invariably very shallow with such a set-up. I can increase the depth of focus by stopping down the lenses I am using; but then the images begin to soften due to the diffraction effect of the small apertures thus being used.
SO: The Question (finally).
I am using a deconvolution algorithm which makes use of a Fast Fourier Transform operation, but I am having to estimate the blur radius by comparing an image shot at an optimal aperture (say, f8) with a diffraction-softened one shot at the smallest aperture available to me (say, f32).
This works quite well and does a nice job of removing the diffraction blur, leaving me with a very sharp image that has the maximum depth of focus I can achieve; but I am wondering, does anyone know a more accurate method for determining the blur radius due to diffraction than zooming in to 1200 percent and counting the difference in pixel spreads for specular highlights?
TaiChiJohn
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Robert Anton Wilson
Posted:
7/6/2009 9:46:27 PM
We all have had to become cognizant of multi-model systemics: it is just a fact of modern life, and can be seen in things as common as competing forms of software (which have different ways of going about doing the things which they do) or even the ever-growing collection most people have of remote control units for different media devices.
Realizing the necessity of such a multi-model system, it also has to be acknowledged that very often one particular systemization works best for one particular task set.
There may be some overlap possible at a highly conceptual level between botany and quantum physics but, for the most part and in any practical application the two are separate and their subject material is distinctly separable.
Robert Anton Wilson was very much a child of the 1950's who was born again in the 1960's. The fight he undertook against the ideological forces which would have liked to force the 1960's back into the form of hte 1940-50's was definitely a necessary one; but let's face it, the world has moved on and unfortunately the work of Robert Anton Wilson still very heavily bears the form of a crypto-fascism which we would all do well to leave behind us... a legacy of his 1950's conceptual framework.
It is all very well and good to say "Oh but we don't know - we must suspend judgement - we can't decide beforehand"; because sure while that is true about everything the fact remains that this kind of approach degenerated into a "new-age" mysticism which unfailingly alludes to truths which are never delivered: and in fact never will be delivered even though payment is demanded in advance.
The fragmentation of the marketplace which capitalism has produced is a de facto force for multi-modal systemization; but the conceptual approach to multi-modalism advocated by Robert Anton Wilson has also been subsumed by the capitalist dynamic: so in the end, his approach was turned into nothing more than a way for "new-age" mystics to soak the inquisitive and the questioning for what ever could be taken from them.
I don't think that society is in any danger of reverting to a 1950's cultural milieu; that being said, I think that one of the most important advances made since then has been the recognition of a need to move away from the concept of centralized authority. That includes moving away from any Robert Anton Wilsons trying to tell people how to think; and particularly away from any self proclaimed "new-age" mystics setting themselves up as authorities on topics and in subjects of which the details are never divulged (crypto-fascism).
The key is NOT getting people to think like others do and/or can: it is getting people to think FOR THEMSELVES.
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
7/4/2009 9:00:04 PM
I am of the sneaking suspicion that the sub-atomic coherence of matter is determined by the nature of the gravity well in which it formed; if not so for the lesser, lighter atoms then progressively so as one moves up the periodic table: such that, were one in a the gravity well of a massive star, heavy atoms which are unstable (radioactive) here would in fact be very stable there.... and conversely, lighter atoms which are perfectly stable here (such as, say, gold?) would be radioactive (unstable) if found within the gravity well of a much lighter star.
Just a suspicion on my part, one of those little mental games one plays to amuse oneself in off moments.
The unfortunate consequence of this would be that it would take a very, very intelligent species to devise a method of moving between the gravity well of their home star and any other stellar body: it would demand an ability to generate and sustain artificial gravity fields or suffer a de-cohesion of their bodies at an atomic (perhaps even initially at a molecular) level.
Idyll speculation on my part; but happily, not beyond our species' present ability to test for: as our Pioneer spacecraft move farther out away from the sun, perhaps anomalies will become apparent.
Okay; just did a Google on that and, anomalies are becoming apparent but not anything that has yet been explained:
"We have argued that it is time to settle the Pioneer issue with a new deep-space mission that will test for, and decide on, the origin of the anomaly (Class. Quantum Grav. 21 4005-4023). Any result would be of major significance. If the anomaly is a manifestation of new or unexpected physics, it would be of fundamental importance. But even if it turns out to be due to an unknown systematic mechanism, understanding the anomaly could help engineers build more stable and less noisy spacecraft that can be navigated more precisely for the benefit of deep-space experiments. "
Well, I'll certainly be interested in hearing how that all works out. But I really don't think it would be as easy for a species to move through interstellar space as our collective imagination would allow.
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
7/4/2009 1:20:27 PM
I think that Larry King killed the aliens in an attempt to keep Michael Jackson from walking on the moon.
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
7/3/2009 2:54:16 PM
I think that aliens killed Michael Jackson in an attempt to keep Larry King from going public with the real story on UFOs.
TaiChiJohn
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Why is it that Corn Ethanol is the only type of Ethanol ever talked about?
Posted:
6/25/2009 11:20:24 PM
Cellulosic biofuels - "grassoline" - made the front cover of Scientific American this month (July 2009).
TaiChiJohn
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Moon Landings - Question.
Posted:
6/25/2009 10:52:59 PM
It is very hard for anyone to take you seriously when it is so obvious that you have no idea what you are referring to:
And when coming back to earth, the craft needs heat sheilds and a parachute to slow it again, which at least is easier then dealing with the moon with no atmosphere. Where are the heat sheilds and parachute?
The heat shield and the parachutes were on/in the re-entry capsule, which was attached to the command module which remained in orbit around the moon while the lunar lander descended to the surface of the moon.
How could it be that you are so well versed on the subject of the moon missions that you can claim to have knowledge that these landings were faked, and yet not know that?
I watched the first lunar landing on television because it was such a momentous event that our entire elementary school was allowed to do so during classes. That alone should be proof enough that it was real, because, when else are students all allowed to watch TV during class? Doesn't happen.
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
6/25/2009 9:12:09 AM
Once when somewhat younger (age 20) I spent a summer living and working in, and travelling around, Canada's Yukon Territory. One of the bizarre experiences I had during that time involved a huge Solstice Party on top of a mountain above Dawson City. This venue is far enough north and high enough in elevation that the sun does not go down on the longest day - it just brushes along the distant, ragged, ice topped mountains along the horizon of nowhere's farthest edge.
People from all over the world, who are travelling in the North for the summer months, end up there for this party -which is huge, wild, and completely insane.
There is a gravel road right to the top of the mountain where the massive bonfire is - and slide marks down the side of the mountain from where people at past parties have pushed the odd vehicle over the edge of the road. During the party I attended, at about one in the morning, a huge air conditioned tour bus pulled up to the top of the mountain. How the driver managed to navigate that thing up there on that narrow little gravel road, I'll never know... but he did.
I kept expecting the door to open, and people to pour out of the bus; but that never happened. So I went over to have a closer look; and through the slightly tinted windows, I could see that the bus appeared to be filled with Asian tourists, many of whom were busy taking photos of the scene outside.
After a while, the bus circled the top loop of road around the mountain and started back down to more 'civilized' areas. Not a single person stepped out of the bus; and for years I would wonder at how so many had come so far and spent so much to do so but hadn't even set foot outside of that bus to see the Midnight Sun or breathe the fresh mountain air.
Now of course I understand that, having spent so much and travelled so far, nobody on that bus had done so with the intention of putting themselves at risk in the midst of a bunch of wild and pretty unsavoury looking strangers.
So, if there ARE extraterrestrials visiting the Earth, there is a pretty good chance that they have a big sign on the inside of their flying saucers which says:
DO NOT EXIT THE SPACECRAFT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES!!!
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
6/24/2009 9:40:38 PM
I guess what I can't help thinking in this discussion is that "We've seen it all before"...
There really isn't anything I can see about the whole UFO -extraterrestrial milieu which hasn't arisen before in our history... with reference to 'the supernatural'.
The entire dynamic associated with UFOs looks to me to be more or less identical with that which attended the whole 'devil and witchcraft' aspect of medieval culture. I mean, how do UFOs differ from ghosts? When they are 'seen', they are not actually there; nobody wants to admit having seen them (according to those who want to see them); they appear to be part of an 'outside' culture which is "prohibited" by those in a position of power; they appear to offer great benefits and rewards to those who will broach that prohibition... you know, it just goes on and on.
So, lets say that somehow someone does manage to "prove" the existence of UFOs... then what? Will we see 'Exquisitions", the interrogation of those suspected of having traffic with extraterrestrials? Will people be driven from their communities, or imprisoned, or killed because of a belief that they are dealing with aliens?
Will people start to engage in bizarre rituals in the attempt to curry favour with the extraterrestrials? You know, large signalling displays - like, oh say, crop circles?
Because when it comes right down to it, to me, it all really looks like a very, very old dynamic invariably associated with the concept of "The Other Tribe"... you know, the people who were heard of and talked about but nobody ever really met them; but they could make fire, and had healing plants as yet unknown, and of course were always up for sex so there was that idea that THE NEXT generation would be a unity between them and "us" but without 'those in charge' here and now being in control then...
SO, I guess what I am saying is: the way in which this whole "UFO - extraterrestrial" scenario is being played out does not look to me to be at all futuristic; in fact, it looks like a very, very old tribal dynamic recast in modern cloths and futuristic technology.
IF there is such a thing as UFOs and extraterrestrials... shouldn't we be trying to find a new, unique, and appropriate dynamic to define the possibility of that interaction - instead of dredging the shadows of ancient tribal conflicts out of the darkest recesses of our minds? Can't we do better than that? Just in case...
I mean, maybe we should be looking at trying to develop some sort of eco-tourism (exo-tourism)…
...and personally, I happen to believe that the link between UFOs and nuclear devices is both opportunistic and propagandistic: what better way to catch any people you DON'T want monitoring your nuclear tests than to get everyone else to look all around as intently as they can be convinced to watch, and to have them watch for ANYTHING out of the ordinary - and report it!
I think that many, many more people would be inclined to stay up all night trying to confirm a rash of UFO sightings than would stay up if asked: “Say, would you mind watching all night in case a Russian (or American, in another country) spy whatever happens along? Sorry, we can’t pay you to do that but we just don’t have as many people willing to do that as we would like to have…”
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
6/24/2009 6:55:36 PM
On a lighter note;
I am reminded of the proverbial dog chasing the car down the road: even if it does catch the car, what does it do then? And what does the car do?
Just saying, the "us versus them" mentality surrounding the UFO debate - skeptics versus believers - seems to always leave out that important element: IF there are extraterrestrial intelligences visiting this planet AND someone manages to prove this, well, what are you going to do about it? Complain somewhere? Charge them a fee? Sell them stuff?
Because it seems to me that if it were the case, they must pretty well be doing what they feel like doing and do not seem at all inclined to act otherwise.
And even the old "I told you so" won't hold any value because, obviously nothing has been proven so far which means that we haven't been told anything to date.
So... ? What's up with all of that? Are we maybe just looking at the difference between: "It seems probably that there might be life elsewhere in the universe: there is a very good chance that we are not alone", and, "Um ya there are other intelligent species but they don't think too much of us and just come here to piss around a bit, for lack of anything better to do with their time."
What kind of reality do UFOlogists expect to see kick in should the existence of extraterrestrials be proven, given the way things have played out already?
TaiChiJohn
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted:
6/24/2009 1:16:26 PM
Hey, why don't we all start arguing about indeterminacy? That might or might not be fun.
TaiChiJohn
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UFO buffs - Watch Larry King on July 3
Posted:
6/23/2009 7:02:13 PM
In this month's "Scientific American" (July 2009): page 33; Michael Shermer, "What Skepticism Reveals about Science":
"The null hypothesis means that the burden of proof is on the person asserting a positive claim, not on the skeptics to disprove it. I once appeared on Larry King Live to discuss UFOs (a perennial favorite of his), along with a table full of UFOlogists. King's questions for other skeptics and me typically miss this central tenet of science. It is not up to the skeptics to disprove UFOs. Although we cannot run a controlled experiment that would yield a statistical probability of rejecting (or not) the null hypothesis that aliens are not visiting Earth, proof would be simple: show us an alien spacecraft or an extraterrestrial body. Until then, keep searching and get back to us when you have something."
TaiChiJohn
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted:
6/22/2009 6:21:06 PM
So could we all... I mean, how could that even be tested for, if the process of observing influences the particles being observed? Just establishing that the particles were in different locations would preclude determining what information they express, would it not?
TaiChiJohn
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Quantum Entanglement and Locality
Posted:
6/22/2009 1:05:42 PM
Wow, that could be the most intelligent post I've seen from you. It is always nice to see people actually thinking.
A couple of observations:
<div class="quote">
Moreover, this might even be in line with Einsteinian gravity, if we suppose that the gravitons are part of what makes space space. If the gravitons are not quite particles in their own right, but are a necessary part of what makes space, then the force of gravity passes between particles via space itself, and the greater the distance between them, the more space there is, and the more that space itself absorbs the forces involved, thus lowering the force of gravity with greater distance.
As you might recall from an earlier discussion undertaken with reference to Kant, the concept of "space" tends to be one which we humans intuit as applicable to the essence of our understanding of reality. Hume agrees upon this point, and further expresses his opinion that our 'categorical concept' of spatiality is informed by just two of our senses: sight, and touch.
However, it is currently a goal of some who are of a philosophic mind to explore the implications of what might be called a "transcendental empiricism" (to use a term favoured by Gilles Deleuze); and in asking what it is of experience which is not localizable to the perceiver, one must consider how such a 'categorical concept of space' might be composed strictly from an understanding of those events and objects, the occurrence of which define what spatiality in fact is.
Taking this approach, the idea that 'space' is defining the "particles" of which you speak becomes problematic; which is not to say that anyone here is right or wrong but only that there are other conceptual alternatives which as of yet remain unexplored.
<div class="quote">
Going further, this might even explain the existence of Dark Matter, as dark matter might be some component of those gravitons themselves, but are invisible, because they affect photons, and so don't really absorb them, making them invisible to light.
Again, to look at this from a different perspective, it may also be the case that different gravity wells affect sub-atomic cohesion differently than we experience and observe the case to be in our particular solar gravity well; an effect which might be termed 'quantum gravity'. So our inability to view Dark Matter could simply be due to differences in electron shell potentials between atoms formed in vastly different gravity wells - in which case, there just isn't anything in our solar system which could interact directly with photos emitted by "Dark Matter".
What becomes of the concept of entanglement then? Is it perhaps in really something quite mundane, like the ability of two atoms formed within comparable gravity wells to interact through photons that either is capable of emitting and absorbing? Is that a mathematical rarity, something seemingly exotic in definition through equations, simply because of the statistical rarity in this universe of the kinds of matter we are familiar with? Because once the equations are balanced and checked and confirmed, sense still has to be made of what is being referred to; and it isn’t difficult for the most abstract and exotic explanations to be visited upon what is at heart the obvious and commonplace within out own ever expanding experience.
TaiChiJohn
Joined:
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Msg:
15 (
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Thoughts on truth
Posted:
6/4/2009 6:48:56 PM
Re: message 12;
For instance, the Historical Association said that the #2 biggest myth in history is that many Europeans believed the Earth was flat, and historians Stephen Jay Gould and Ronald Numbers said that this was never believed by Christian scholars of Europe
Stephen Jay Gould is not a historian.
Now professor at Harvard University and curator of its Museum of Comparative Zoology, Gould attended Antioch College, then returned to Manhattan, for graduate work in paleontology at Columbia University. For his doctoral thesis he investigated variation and evolution in an obscure Burmudian land snail, anchoring his later theorizing in intense scrutiny of a single group of organisms, as Darwin had done with Barnacles.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/2/2009 7:05:47 PM
"A professional objector would say to Leibniz: you announce to us, you talk to us of the irreducibility of truths of existence, and you can define this irreducibility concretely only by using purely mathematical notions. What would Leibniz answer? In all sorts of texts, people have always had me say that differential calculus designated a reality. I never said that, Leibniz answers, differential calculus is a well-founded convention. Leibniz relies enormously on differential calculus being only a symbolic system, and not sketching out a reality, but designating a way of treating reality. What is this well-founded convention? It's not in relation to reality that it's a convention, but in relation to mathematics. That's the misinterpretation not to make. Differential calculus is symbolism, but in relation to mathematical reality, not at all in relation to real reality. It's in relation to mathematical reality that the system of differential calculus is a fiction. He also used the expression "well founded fiction." It’s a well-founded fiction in relation to the mathematical reality. In other words, differential calculus mobilizes concepts that cannot be justified from the point of view of classical algebra, or from the point of view of arithmetic. It's obvious. Quantities that are not nothing and that equal zero, it's arithmetical nonsense, it has neither arithmetic reality, nor algebraic reality. It's a fiction. So, in my opinion, it does not mean at all that differential calculus does not designate anything real, it means that differential calculus is irreducible to mathematical reality. It's therefore a fiction in this sense, but precisely in so far as it's a fiction, it can cause us to think of existence.
In other words, differential calculus is a kind of union of mathematics and the existent, specifically it's the symbolic of the existent.
It's because it's a well-founded fiction in relation to mathematical truth that it is henceforth a basic and real means of exploration of the reality of existence.
You see therefore what the words "evanescent" and "evanescent difference" mean. It's when the relation continues when the terms of the relation have disappeared. The relation c/e when C and E have disappeared, that is, coincide with A. You have therefore constructed a continuity through differential calculus. "
Gilles Deleuze
http://www.webdeleuze.com/php/texte.php?cle=53&groupe=Leibniz&langue=2
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/1/2009 4:56:52 PM
@ JustDucky
Mathematicians were never comfortable with the concept of the infinitesimal.
Leibniz considered 'what precipitates a perception's formation in consciousness' and came up with the concept of the 'minute perception' - the smallest possible differential which enters perception, and, around which a conscious perception forms.
A common example used to illustrate this was that of the first drop of water in a wave collapsing on shore, which precipitates the conscious perception that is the sound of the wave crashing.
It wasn't until a few years ago that scientific inquiry discovered this sound is actually caused by the cumulative 'popping' of bubbles formed as the foam of a collapsing wave.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/1/2009 4:01:12 PM
Re: message 52;
I'm going to read Kant anyway. But if anyone has a good primer on his biography, and on continental rationalism, and on the main works of Locke and Hume, I'd appreciate a short-list. I have only so much time to read.
I would like to see that too. I am interested in Kant's relation to Leibniz; and this thread has brought my attention to bear upon Kant after many years have passed since my last having read his works.
I really like philosophy - I am a philosophy geek and I will openly admit that.
I really like Leibniz right now, because I like the way that he developed the concept of the infinitesimal differential (as associated with calculus), the singular (as associated with minute perceptions) and the singular (as associated with virtual points/spaces).
So, I will be re-working my way through Kant to see he might have picked up of these (and associated) concepts.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/1/2009 1:31:59 PM
Thanks for clarifying that - it certainly explains why the Leibnizian influences in Kant are so strong, as it makes sense that it would I think be easier to temper that with an empirical flavour than it would be to modify an empirical outlook with... hmmm... a more Baroque approach...
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/1/2009 10:12:06 AM
Re: message 46;
The trick with Kant is to imagine that he wants to give other kinds of knowledge the kinds of foundation (certitude) that one has in the more exact disciplines like mathematics. He thinks he can do this in a kind of synthesizing of the empiricist's and the rationalist's view.
And of course, that idea continued on after Kant; the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl being a particularly good example of that (as evidenced, for example, by the essay "The Origin of Geometry"). It is interesting to note that the most telling criticisms toward this line of thought tend to come from the perspective of existentialism (with, for instance Jean-Paul Sartre, who was a student of Husserl); so despite Kant's roots in empiricism, it would not be completely accurate to say that Kant's philosophy was essentially empirical in nature - although it certainly does have tendencies which are readily identifiable as empirical in character.
Still, it is the nature of philosophy that many diverse streams of thought can be traced back to Kant; because, the issue is not whether Kant was right or wrong but, what did other people think when trying to understand what Kant was saying - what concepts were other philosophers compelled to produce in the course of their encounter with the ideas that Kant presented to the world.
That is why philosophy, as a field of inquiry, is characteristically historical; and why the concepts associated with philosophy have definite and distinct origins, applicabilities, and even in a sense ‘lives’… all of which are contingent, not necessary, characteristics.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
6/1/2009 9:56:03 AM
Re: message 45;
All I can say is that one can make a general statement of logic, that would be true whatever Kant wrote, and that if anyone did make any claims about what Kant wrote, and that it was obviously wrong, then it would be easy to prove him wrong, simply by quoting the part of Kant's writings that shows unassailable logic that contradicts his claims, and that if no-one did such an easy thing, then one has to wonder why.
Well, I will tell you why: it is because philosophy is not determined by the rules of logic. That has been tried before, with people such as Bertrand Russell moving in that direction and whole schools of thought, such as the Logical Positivists, taking up that cause; but in the end, all came to the realization that logic can be considered a subset of philosophy but as a whole, philosophy is neither defined nor determinable as logic per say. This is not to say that philosophy is necessarily irrational (although even in ancient Greece, schools which tended toward that extreme were formed) but rather to admit the contingence of those things which compel people to think.
Thus, philosophy is more readily defined as being directly characterized by the creation of concepts; and concepts are very arbitrary things, since they are produced of situations which compel thought - and such situations are very often not particularly logical. If they were logical, then the questions they raise could be solved by simple applications of logic; and then the element of compulsion, of thought being forced to those extremes where it alone suffices, is lacking. Thinking isn't necessarily easy; thinking isn't necessarily fun; thinking isn't necessarily logical: but sometimes, thinking IS necessary.
By the way, while it is not uncommon to find people who do think that philosophy is a simple exercise in logic, it is becoming more common to find people who think that 'concepts' are the responsibility of marketing, and advertising. You would probably have a more dynamic conversation discussing the role of logic in the creation of concepts with a group such as that; but I do not think that I would enjoy mediating that discussion.
I cannot state that, as I would regard that as an extraordinary claim, and as Carl Sagan pointed out, extraordinary claims require extraordinary proofs, and I don't see any such extraordinary proofs being proposed.
You find it extraordinary that students who don't cover the material assigned to them in their courses might not pass said courses? Yet elsewhere, you have boasted about the academic accomplishments of the students at a school that you seem to be somehow associated with... so, what's up with that? Oh - you wanted to drop Carl Sagan in here, as an authority who would justify your untenable position. So, your argument is: Carl Sagan thinks it would be extraordinary for students to fail at your school just because they haven't done their assigned work? Okay... and which school was that? Because I'm pretty sure that endorsement wouldn't show up in the school's brochures...
Mathematics discusses ideas, and mathematical proofs prove those ideas right or wrong, beyond any question. The reason that those ideas that are proved in Mathematics are no longer discussed in philosophy, are simply because they have been proved, and so there is nothing to discuss as to their feasability. We KNOW they are right. What is there more to say?
That still doesn't change logic. Logic is either true, or false. Otherwise, none of us could talk about philosophy without having read the texts on philosophy, such as the many texts on philosophy that were in the Library of Alexandria, that we don't have.
Again, philosophy and logic are two different things. I know that you have a background in mathematics; but as extensive as it might be, it isn't philosophy and you can't switch seamlessly between the two on the supposition that logic defines both.
I'd just like to add, on a personal note, that I have noticed you tend to approach many people's arguments on this site as if you were critiquing a logical statement or a mathematical equation. The problem with this is that simply finding a contrary example or an adjunct piece of information which is not included in the argument you wish to critique does not necessarily invalidate that argument.
Concepts are formed under specific circumstances, with determinate components which define a range of applicability: so unless you are willing to show how an argument is defined by the composition of its concepts, going outside of that range of applicability does not necessarily invalidate the concept(s) being used. It is impossible to put 'everything' into a concept - obviously, then there would only be one 'super concept' - so there will by necessity always be things - lots of things - left outside of any concept. It is a lot more work to pick apart a concept and find its components, determine why those components were used, and then to see how that composition determines the range of applicability of the concept before deciding if that range has been exceeded, invalidating the use to which the concept has been put; but simply imagining a logical, factual, or empiric contradiction is not sufficient to invalidate the conceptual grounds of a philosophic argument. You have to be able to show WHY that contradiction is relevant to the original argument; and this is a step you almost never take. That is why people who read your long replies often ask "What is he talking about?" - not because you are not clear but because you fail to establish the relevance of your responses. Again, I would trace this back to your habitual familiarity with the requirements of mathematical and logical proofs; and I would do so just to point out that, in reality, not everything works that way. In fact, we are really lucky when it does.
I don't know that everyone would agree with you. I have no knowledge of any credentials that I would trust from you. I have not seen anything in your writing that suggests that you are erudite or knowledgeable about philosophy. I have not seen anything in your writing that suggests a great understanding of philosophical ideas either. Now, that doesn't mean that you DON'T have all that. But it does mean that scientifically, I have no reason to accept anything on your say-so.
That is the whole point. You shouldn't accept anything on my say-so. You should think it through for yourself. Unless you have read Kant, you can't supply examples to justify your pronouncements concerning his writings - and this means that other people reading your pronouncements are denied the opportunity to think through the matter under discussion for themselves. That is why any argument you make concerning Kant's writings will not be accepted as valid unless you have actually read Kant - because it would be impossible for anyone else to verify what you claim... unless of course you expect them to do that conceptual work for you: a "Tom Sawyerism"?
I don't care what you think. You've annihilated any reason for me to try and justify my views to you. All I am interested in, is the truth, and so far, this is a likely hypothesis.
I would say that it would be more accurate to state, you don't care about thinking. Even the Logical Positivists held that, if a statement couldn't be verified - if there were no conditions under which a statement could be verified - then it was meaningless. They later softened that (when it was becoming apparent to them that logic could not account for all statements proper to the filed of philosophy) that a proposition must at least be falsifiable in theory - there had to be a way of potentially proving a statement false - or it was meaningless. Logically, then, your statements regarding Kant are only meaningful in reference to the works of Kant... but if you refuse to back those statements up by referring toe the texts in question (or even reading them, for that matter), then how can you make any truth claims regarding your statements? In accordance with logic, the best you can do is claim that they might be meaningful: you have in no way established that they could be true.
I would agree that in terms of intuition that includes the intuition that the Sun is going to come up tomorrow, then mathematics is based on intuition.
It is a given in philosophy that terms are used in a very distinct and definable way. Intuition means "immediate awareness"; so when Kant speaks of the intuitive nature of mathematics, he means just that... not that numbers are vague, mysterious inklings of quantities-to-come.
However, I would agree that there appears to be a conflict between Kant claiming to support insight and reason, and stating that mathemtical truths are "a priori", and yet, on the other hand, being an empiricist. But criticising pure reason would have the same effect, as one cannot criticise pure reason and state that it is something one can agree with.
Ah - now we are getting to the philosophic heart of the matter. Whatever compelled Kant to think these concepts as he did, the contingency of the situation caused him to bring insight, reason, and empirical experience together. Why he did this, and how he did this, is the essence of Immanuel Kant's philosophy... and it is something best discovered by reading what he wrote.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/31/2009 5:22:37 PM
Re: message 41;
If Kant's arguments are valid, then they are valid whether or not Kant said them, and so, can be stated here without having to say "if you haven't read Kant, you cannot discuss the matter". Either they are proved true or are not. If they are proved true, then they can be proved true here. If they are not, then that doesn't make them true.
I said, if you haven't read Kant then you can't make a valid argument concerning his writings - and every first year philosophy knows that. If they don't, then they don't go on to become second year philosophy students.
As an aside, the question as to whether Kant was "right or wrong" is immaterial because we are talking about ideas, not mathematical proofs: the history of philosophy is thoroughly populated by ideas that proved "wrong"; because the history of philosophy as about ideas being proved - one way or the other - and otherwise expanded and developed. Obviously, that doesn't happen without the texts actually being read.
Was Kant an empiricist? You would have to read his texts to find that out; and you would have to supply quotes which illustrated you contention that he was. Certainly, there is agreement here that Kant did mention Hume in his writings... but it would take a very careful analysis to provided evidence as to just exactly what effect that influence had upon Kant's ideas.
This is because, in philosophy, concepts are being developed; and concepts are very historical things, which must be taken apart and put back together before they can be moved from one occurrence to another application. That again is the process of philosophy. That is why to state:
The other side of that is that Kant was, as kirk763 pointed out, was an empiricist. So his arguments have no application or validity unless we accept all of empirical ideas, such as the idea that Pythgoras' theorem is NOT true, because it is based on pure logic, and NOT on experimentation.
... is simply wrong. You might be able to show that Kant was an empiricist, but only through reference to his ideas: and then you would only have shown which of his ideas were characteristic of empiricism. But again, you haven't read any Kant; so again, you introduce the argument: "I don't have to read Kant to talk about Kant because I can talk about something else I have read and pretend that this is comparable to talking about Kant's ideas."
If you had read Kant, you might have known that he makes arguments such as:
"But we find that all mathematical knowledge has this peculiarity, that it must first exhibit its concept in intuition, and do so a priori, in an intuition that is not empirical but pure; without this means mathematics cannot make a single step."
Immanuel Kant
Of course, Kant doesn't stop there; and needless to say, he continues on to consider geometry as well. So again, if you are going to critique Kant, you need to actually read Kant because otherwise people who know Kant will think "What is he talking about? Obviously, he has never read any Kant!" But then again, I suppose that your arguments about Kant are predicated upon your readers not having actually read Kant... a situation wherein you suppose that:
It seems to me that a lot of people believe that if they keep arguing that someone clever said something clever, and they keep saying it long enough, that that will make it universally right.
Which, I take it from other posts of yours I have seen, is pretty much your academic motto:
So his arguments have no application or validity unless we accept all of empirical ideas
With reference to Hume, and the objections raised against his ideas by contemporaries, Kant states:
"But the opponents of the illustrious man would have to penetrate very deeply into the nature of reason in so far as it is occupied merely with pure thought in order to do justice to this problem (of whether causality is thought a priori - JM) ; and this was not to their liking. They therefore discovered a more convenient way to be obstinate and defiant without any insight, namely by appealing to common sense. It is in fact a great gift of heaven, to possess right 9or as it has been called, simple) common sense. But one must prove it by deeds, not by appealing to it like an oracle when one cannot produce anything sensible with which to justify oneself. When insight and science are on the decline, then and no sooner to appeal to common sense is one of the subtle inventions of recent times, by which the stalest windbag can confidently take up with the soundest thinker and hold his own with him. As long as the least remnant of insight remains, we shall do well to take no recourse to this desperate aid."
Immanuel Kant.
So, in summary: in order to be able to state a valid opinion about what Kant did or did not say - and what that might mean - you actually have to read what he wrote.
For anyone to think otherwise is just wrong; and I am not going to even mention what I would say is demonstrated by someone who thinks they CAN ‘refute’ a thinker such as Kant without having actually read anything that Kant wrote.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/31/2009 11:46:38 AM
For an argument to be accepted in philosophy, it must be both sound and valid. The internal consistency of an argument determines whether or not it is sound; and its ‘real world’ applicability determines its validity.
Thus, the problem with the ‘ontological argument’ is that, although it is sound, there is no way of establishing or demonstrating its validity. One still finds this occurring today, of course, and generally in relation to the field of mathematics: theories and theorems can be constructed at length but, regardless of their internal consistency, if they can not be found applicable to the real and thus tested as to their validity, they remain just conjecture - often, meaningless conjecture.
Similarly, one might put forth what one considers to be a sound argument against ideas attributed to Immanuel Kant. But, if one does so without referencing or even reading) the works of Kant, then there is no way that their argument could be considered valid.
Ironically, a good portion of the work that Kant did was dedicated toward establishing, in essence, that arguments must be valid as well as sound . This was a major accomplishment; and regardless of what some might say (without evidence) about his intellectual capacity, the fact remains that he persevered in the task that he appointed himself and succeeded in realizing his project.
The implications of Kant’s work continue to this day (indeed, the whole phenomenological heritage seems to spring for the most part from Kant), and can be found within such modern concepts of philosophy as ‘the philosopheme’ - those philosophic aspects of a theory from which it is constructed and which consequently shape the essential structure of any such theory. Thus, it might be said that the implications of Kant’s “synthetic a priori” are only now being realized.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/30/2009 6:25:24 PM
Re: Message 37;
You've already put on another thread that you don't want to talk to me anymore. I took you at your word. Either you do wish to correspond with me, or you do not. If you do, then please put that you are willing to have everything you wrote analysed with a fine tooth-comb, and ripped apart like tissue paper, because I don't like to accept cheap arguments, and I would analyse your posts to me with the same analysis that I apply to everything.
Yes, we all witnessed earlier in this thread how you managed to "refute" Immanuel Kant - widely recognized as one of the greatest philosophic minds to have lived in the last 500 years - without ever having read a single word that he had written.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/28/2009 3:47:29 PM
Re: message 30:
I have to say there have been some wonderful contributions to this thread.
I would say that, after Kant, the last “big question” left to answer was that concerning the nature of the disjunction which is functionally defined in Kant’s philosophy by the ‘idea’ of god.
So, from Kant on, the question which needed to be answered most was:
“Why are there different things?”
This is why I would suggest that Kant stands at the beginning of modern science: not because he refuted the existence of god, but because he defined those conditions under which the existence of god became inconsequential within knowledge-based discourse.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/28/2009 10:48:57 AM
Re: message 28:
The problem is that most people never really get past the early parts of the book where it might appear as though empiricism (in the shape of Hume but possibly more importantly Locke) is exclusively under fire. What ought to be kept in view however, is that Kant actually agrees with the empiricists to a point. But he wants to synthesize elements of the empiricist's view that he accepts with aspects of the rationalist's view that he wishes to preserve.
I would tend to think that Kant profited immeasurably from Hume's insights which established relations as external to the terms/objects which they link: this was definitely a problem with Leibniz and it is interesting that Kant's drive toward establishing synthetic a priori judgements does seem to define a conceptual space between Leibniz and Hume which science has since unfolded within; so today, we can conceptualize that point-of-view defines the observer but also that the relations being viewed are external to that which is being observed.
TaiChiJohn
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Ruling Out The Higher Power: Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Posted:
5/28/2009 3:53:30 AM
Re: message 21 again:
Hang on. If the Supreme Being is incapable of enlarging our cognition with regards to the existence of things, because it's an idea, and only because it's an idea, then ALL ideas are incapable of enlarging our cognition with regards to the existence of things. As ALL scientific theories are ideas, then ALL scientific theories must be incapable of enlarging our cognition with regards to the existence of things. But hang on. Everything we study exists or not. If science cannot elucide us about the existence of things, then surely it cannot prove the existence of black holes, or atoms, or just about anything, right? But Kant defends science, right? So Kant's in contradiction with himself?
"But if we connect the prohibition to avoid all transcendent judgements of pure reason with the apparently contradictory command to proceed to concepts which lie outside the field od immanent (empirical) use, we become aware that both can subsist together, but only exactly on the boundary of all permitted use of reason; for the boundary belongs both to the field of experience and to that of the beings of thought."
Immanuel Kant.
Wasn't Kant a rationalist? I don't see how he could write anything about reason if he wasn't a rationalist and so didn't believe in reason.
Please bear in mind that I haven't read Kant yet. So don't hold this as anything more than mere thoughts of the possible, not solid opinion. Mind you, it seems that I ought to.
There, now you have read some Kant. I think that he would not have had much difficulty with the concept of a black hole, since he was the first to hypothesize that the solar system formed from accretions of a spinning disk of matter; and predicted the existence of the planet Uranus in 1755... although it wasn't discovered until 1881, which was 77 years after his death.
I am reminded here of the closing comment of the movie {proof}: "Maybe we can't prove that you did write this {proof}; but we can still disprove that you couldn't have done it!"
It would be proper to say that, for Kant, analytic truths are self-evident but do not confer knowledge beyond what is contained in their proposition. They are defined by the law of contradiction (or of non-contradiction, if you prefer). Synthetic truths do confer such knowledge, but constitute judgements which implicate formalizations that cannot simply be derived from the principle of non-contradiction: more is required.
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